液化石油气(LPG)泄漏事故定量风险分析  

Quantitative risk analysis(QRA)of liquefied petroleum gas(LPG)leakage accident

作　　者：高思达 郝琳[1] 朱振兴[2] 卫宏远[1] GAO Sida;HAO Lin;ZHU Zhenxing;WEI Hongyuan(School of Chemical Engineering and Technology,Tianjin University,Tianjin 300350,China;Sinopec Research Institute of Petroleum Processing,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]天津大学化工学院,天津300350 [2]中国石油化工股份有限公司石油化工科学研究院,北京100083

出　　处：《化学工业与工程》2023年第4期78-85,共8页Chemical Industry and Engineering

基　　金：国家重点研发项目(2018YFC0808600);炼油工艺与催化剂国家工程研究中心(中国石油化工股份有限公司石油化工科学研究院)开放基金。

摘　　要：针对液化石油气存储设施,为了更全面地计算出事故的后果,首次结合了SLAB模型、动态BLEVE模型、多能法以及损害模型分别计算LPG泄漏爆炸事故的泄露区域、热辐射影响、超压影响以及对人体和建筑的损伤。计算了综合考虑不同因素的致死率,定量地给出了事故可能造成的危害,结果表明,一旦发生事故,在直径8 m的范围内因热辐射造成的死亡率可达到80%,而超压导致周围建筑物的损坏率会达到50%~75%,并对户外人员造成最高96%的死亡率。疏散区域至少应在泄漏位置20 m之外。本论文所使用的计算方法可以对液化石油气存储的风险进行量化,有助于本质安全设计、制定量化规范和应急方案。In order to conduct a quantitative risk analysis(QRA)on the storage warehouse of liquefied petroleum gas(LPG),SLAB model,dynamic BLEVE fireball model and multi-energy model were em-ployed to calculate the dispersion of LPG,the thermal effects and the overpressure.The combination of these models can predict the consequences of such accidents more comprehensively.The calculation re-sults of these models are used to assess the degree of damage to buildings and the probability of human burns.The result shows that the fatality rate due to heat radiation reaches 80%within an area of 8 m in diameter,50%—75%of the outer walls of the surrounding buildings will be damaged,the highest fatality rate for outdoor people due to overpressure reaches 96%,the evacuation area should be at least 20 m a-way from the location where the leak occurred.The method used in this research can quantify the risk of liquefied petroleum gas storage,which is helpful for the design of intrinsic safety and the formulation of quantitative specifications.

关 键 词：安全工程 液化石油气 定量风险分析 泄漏 爆炸 后果模拟 

分 类 号：X937[环境科学与工程—安全科学]