清末至民国成都城市环境卫生管理及成效  

Management and Effectiveness of Environmental Sanitation in Chengdu from the Late Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China

作　　者：黄文记 李兆田 曾鑫可 HUANG Wenji;LI Zhaotian;ZENG Xinke(School of Politics and Public Management,Neijiang Normal University,Neijiang,Sichuan 641100,China;Baoshenghu Subdistrict Office,Yubei People’s Government,Chongqing 401120,China)

机构地区：[1]内江师范学院政治与公共管理学院,四川内江641100 [2]重庆市渝北区人民政府宝圣湖街道办事处应急办,重庆401120

出　　处：《内江师范学院学报》2023年第11期42-49,共8页Journal of Neijiang Normal University

基　　金：成都历史与成都文献研究中心项目“清末成都地区乡土志整理与研究”(CLWX19002);内江师范学院科研资助项目“沱江流域方志研究创新团队”(2019TD04);2021-2023年四川省高等教育人才培养质量和教学改革项目“地方高校历史学专业政产学研用合作培养创新人才模式的构建与实践”(JG2021-1274)。

摘　　要：近代,成都与全国其他城市一样经历了改良、革命和军阀混战,社会一直处于剧烈变化的状态,城市公共空间被重建并纳入现代市政管理体系。公共卫生服务作为现代城市管理的重要组成部分,其重要性日益凸显。清末至民国,成都卫生行政管理机构从无到有,由小到大,大致经历了三个阶段:清末民初卫生行政工作由警察部门兼理;民国前期成都卫生管理工作被纳入到省市政府系统;抗日战争爆发后四川成为国民政府统治的中心地区,四川省卫生实验处的成立标志着卫生行政有了专业的管理机构,随后卫生行政管理和具体的卫生事务分开,体现了公共卫生管理的精细化与专业化。自清末至南京国民政府结束,成都市在街面清洁、厕所清洁等方面曾相续颁布一系列法规,在执行过程中虽然极其艰难,但也取得一定成效,为成都卫生事业及城市的现代化做出了积极贡献。In modern times of China,like other cities throughout the country,Chengdu experienced reforms,revolutions,and warlord conflicts,and its society remained the state of rapid change.The city’s public spaces were rebuilt and incorporated into a modern system of urban management.As an important component of modern urban management,public health services have become increasingly prominent.From the late Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China,the administrative institutions for public health management in Chengdu were established from scratch and gradually grew,reflecting the refinement and specialization of public health management.Chengdu has gradually established environmental sanitation management institutions,formulated policies and regulations,formed cleaning teams,and continuously carried out street cleaning,toilet management,and fecal waste treatment.Although the municipal government has implemented various regulations to manage public toilets and sometimes taken strict measures,significant results were not achieved as expected.From the late Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China,big challenges were caused by the management of urban environmental sanitation in Chengdu,but there were still some commendable aspects that made positive contributions to the modernization of the sanitation.

关 键 词：民国 成都 城市环境卫生 管理 现代化 

分 类 号：K26[历史地理—历史学] C911[历史地理—中国史]