商代含高放射性成因铅的青铜器矿料来源与古蜀三星堆在矿业贸易中的地位  

The source of mineral materials for Shang Dynasty bronze containing high-radioactive lead and the position of Ancient Sanxingdui in mining trade

作　　者：程文斌[1] 郎兴海[1] 欧阳辉 彭义伟[1] 谢富伟 王勇 彭强 杨超[1] 陈翠华[1] 向芳[2] CHENG Wenbin;LANG Xinghai;OUYANG Hui;PENG Yiwei;XIE Fuwei;WANG Yong;PENG Qiang;YANG Chao;CHEN Cuihua;XIANG Fang(College of Earth Science,Chengdu University of Technology,Chengdu,610059;Institute of Sedimentary Geology,Chengdu University of Technology,Chengdu,610059;Sichuan Xiye New Material Limited by share LTD.,Chengdu,611700)

机构地区：[1]成都理工大学地球科学学院,成都610059 [2]成都理工大学沉积地质研究院,成都610059 [3]四川西冶新材料股份有限公司,成都611700

出　　处：《地质论评》2023年第6期2247-2262,共16页Geological Review

基　　金：成都理工大学三星堆多学科综合研究项目的成果。

摘　　要：含高放射性成因铅是商代青铜器的重要特征,但对其矿料来源的讨论众说纷纭,莫衷一是。笔者等收集了河南郑州商城、山西垣曲商城、湖北盘龙城、四川三星堆、陕西汉中(地区)、江西新干大洋洲、河南安阳殷墟和陕北(地区)覆盖整个商代的8个遗址/地区700件出土青铜器样品的铅同位素组成数据,并与全国606个Pb—Zn、Cu、Sn多金属矿床4025件矿石样品的铅同位素组成数据进行比对分析,探讨商代青铜器的矿料来源和古蜀国在矿业贸易中的地位。研究表明:①南郑州商城、湖北盘龙城、陕西汉中、山西垣曲商城、河南安阳殷墟和陕北6个遗址/地区的青铜器很可能采用了含异常铅和正常铅的两类铅料;而四川三星堆与江西新干大洋洲出土的青铜器则主要采用了含异常铅的铅料。四川三星堆、陕西汉中和陕北3个遗址/地区出土的青铜器很可能采用了含异常铅和正常铅的两类铜料;而河南郑州商城、湖北盘龙城、山西垣曲商城、河南安阳殷墟与江西新干大洋洲出土的青铜器采用的铜料很可能以含正常铅为主,但不排除采用含异常铅铜料的可能性。②对比全国Cu、Pb—Zn、Sn及多金属矿床铅同位素资料,商代遗址出土的青铜器中的高放射性成因铅的铅料,最有可能来自四川云南交界处的MVT型Pb—Zn矿床;而含高放射性成因铅的铜料,则最可能来自四川云南交界处的IOCG型Cu矿和山西中条山铜矿峪Cu矿床。(3)综合三星堆遗址得天独厚的地理位置,三星堆青铜文明的兴衰时间及其与其他文化交流与贸易往来的路径,推测古蜀三星堆很可能是商代含高放射性成因铅的铅料及部分铜料贸易的大型中转地,商代含高放射性成因铅的青铜器的兴盛与衰落则很可能与三星堆青铜文明的开启与消亡有关。Objectives and Methods:The Shang Dynasty bronze is characterized by the occurrence of high radioactive lead.However,the source of mineral materials remains poorly understood(controversial).In this contribution,700 Pb isotope data of unearthed bronze from 8 ruins covering the whole Shang Dynasty(e.g.,Zhengzhou Shang City in Henan,Yuanqu Shang City in Shanxi,Panlongcheng in Hubei,Sanxingdui in Sichuan,Hanzhong in Shanxi,Xingandayangzhou in Jiangxi,Yinxu in Henan and Nothern Shaanxi area)were collected and compared with those of 4025 ores from 606 Pb—Zn,Cu,and Sn polymetallic deposits in China.By this contribution,we tried to constarin the mineral material source of Shang Dynasty bronze and the status of Ancient Shu Country in the mining trade.Results and Conclusion:(1)The bronze artifacts unearthed from 6 sites/regions are likely to use two kinds of lead materials containing both normal and abnormal lead isotope compositions,including Shangcheng in Zhengzhou city(Henan Province),Panlongcheng(Hubei Province),Hanzhong(Shanxi Province),Shangcheng in Yuanqu(Shanxi Province),Yinxu in Anyang(Henan Province)and Northern Shaanxi province.However,the bronze artifacts unearthed from the Sanxingdui site in Sichuan Province and Xingandayangzhou site in Jiangxi Province mainly used the lead materials containing abnormal lead isotopic compositions.By contrast,the bronze artifacts unearthed from Sanxingdui(Sichuan Province),Hanzhong(Shanxi Province),and Northern Shaanxi province may use two kinds of copper mineral materials consisting of both normal and abnormal lead isotope compositions.In contrast,the bronze artifacts unearthed from Shangcheng in Zhengzhou(Henan Province),Panlongcheng(Hubei Province),Shangcheng in Yuanqu(Shanxi Province),Yinxu in Anyang(Henan Province)and Xingandayangzhou(Jiangxi Province)probably use copper mineral materials mainly containing normal Pb isotopic compositions,whereas copper materials containing abnormal Pb cannot be excluded.(2)Comparing the Pb isotopic compositions of ores from the Cu,Pb—Zn

关 键 词：商代青铜器 高放射性成因铅 矿料来源 矿料贸易 三星堆 

分 类 号：F429[经济管理—产业经济] F729[历史地理—历史学] K223[历史地理—中国史] K876.41[天文地球—矿床学] K878[天文地球—地质学] P618.41-09