Porous metal implants: processing,properties, and challenges  

作　　者：Amit Bandyopadhyay Indranath Mitra Jose D Avila Mahadev Upadhyayula Susmita Bose 

机构地区：[1]W.M.Keck Biomedical Materials Research Lab,School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering,Washington State University,Pullman,WA 99164,United States of America

出　　处：《International Journal of Extreme Manufacturing》2023年第3期441-483,共43页极端制造（英文）

基　　金：supported by the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases of the National Institutes of Health under Award Number R01 AR067306-01 and R01 AR078241(PI—Bandyopadhyay)。

摘　　要：Porous and functionally graded materials have seen extensive applications in modern biomedical devices—allowing for improved site-specific performance;their appreciable mechanical,corrosive,and biocompatible properties are highly sought after for lightweight and high-strength load-bearing orthopedic and dental implants.Examples of such porous materials are metals,ceramics,and polymers.Although,easy to manufacture and lightweight,porous polymers do not inherently exhibit the required mechanical strength for hard tissue repair or replacement.Alternatively,porous ceramics are brittle and do not possess the required fatigue resistance.On the other hand,porous biocompatible metals have shown tailorable strength,fatigue resistance,and toughness.Thereby,a significant interest in investigating the manufacturing challenges of porous metals has taken place in recent years.Past research has shown that once the advantages of porous metallic structures in the orthopedic implant industry have been realized,their biological and biomechanical compatibility—with the host bone—has been followed up with extensive methodical research.Various manufacturing methods for porous or functionally graded metals are discussed and compared in this review,specifically,how the manufacturing process influences microstructure,graded composition,porosity,biocompatibility,and mechanical properties.Most of the studies discussed in this review are related to porous structures for bone implant applications;however,the understanding of these investigations may also be extended to other devices beyond the biomedical field.

关 键 词：porous metals load-bearing implants 3d printing additive manufacturing mechanical properties biological properties 

分 类 号：TG1[金属学及工艺—金属学]