根际微生物群落功能与调控的研究进展  

Advance in the Function and Regulation of Rhizosphere Microbiota

作　　者：喻其林[1] 赵梓润 刘琳 YU Qi-lin;ZHAO Zi-run;LIU Lin(Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology,Ministry of Education,Department of Microbiology,College of Life Sciences,Nankai University,Tianjin 300071)

机构地区：[1]南开大学生命科学学院分子微生物学与技术教育部重点实验室,天津300071

出　　处：《微生物学杂志》2023年第5期1-8,共8页Journal of Microbiology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(32170102);天津市自然科学基金项目(21JCYBJC01420);中央高校基本科研业务费(63233050)。

摘　　要：根际微生物群落是随植物长期进化及地球生境变迁而形成的动态微生物系统。随着多组学技术的不断发展,人们对根际微生物群落结构与功能的研究日益深入。根际微生物群落中的功能微生物类群,如植物促生细菌、植物促生真菌等,通过与植物建立紧密的物质、能量与信息联系,参与植物激素合成、难溶营养物解离、生物固氮、微生物拮抗、生长因子供应等系列生物学过程,从而提高植物营养物质吸收与抗逆能力,为植物的健康和高效生长提供重要保障。这些微生物中的某些成员已被开发成微生物刺激剂,广泛应用于作物增产抗逆与农田地力提升。近年来,多学科的交叉融合为根际微生物群落结构-功能-调控策略的交互式研究提供新的机遇,推动了基于合成生物学与材料科学技术的合成微生物组的发展。尤其是在核心微生物互作方面,人工蛋白创制、磁性组装、生物炭强化等策略能够增强核心微生物与目标植物之间的物理连接作用,大幅提高合成微生物组的工作效率和稳定性,从而有效驱动作物增产增收,提高污染修复效率。因此,根际微生物群落结构、功能与调控的深入研究,必将为绿色农业发展提供不竭动力。The rhizosphere microbiota is a dynamic microbial system formed with the long-term evolution of plants and the changes in the Earth′s habitats.With the continuous development of multi-omics technology,the researches on the structure and function of rhizosphere microbiota are becoming increasingly in-depth.The functional microbial groups in the rhizosphere microbiota,such as plant growth-promoting bacteria and fungi,establish close material,energy,and message connections with plants,and participate in a series of biological processes,such as plant hormone synthesis,insoluble nutrient dissolution,biological nitrogen fixation,microbial antagonism,and growth factor supply.Therefore,these microbes improve plant nutrient absorption and stress resistance,providing important guarantees for plant health and efficient growth.Some members of these microbes have been developed as microbial stimulants,widely used for the increase in crop yield,stress resistance,and improvement of farmland fertility.In recent years,the interdisciplinary integration has provided new opportunities for interactive research on the regulation strategies of rhizosphere microbiota,promoting the development of synthetic microbial communities based on the technology of synthetic biology and materials science.Especially,in terms of core microbial interactions,the strategies,such as artificial protein design,magnetic assembly,and biochar enhancement,can improve the physical connection between core microbes and targeted plants,significantly improving the efficiency and stability of synthetic microbial communities,thereby effectively driving crop yield and income,and improving the efficiency of pollution remediation.Therefore,in-depth research on the structure,function,and regulation of rhizosphere microbiota will provide inexhaustible impetus for the development of green agriculture.

关 键 词：根际微生物群落 微生物刺激剂 植物促生细菌 合成生物技术 合成微生物组 

分 类 号：Q939.9[生物学—微生物学]