基于能值理论的青藏高原水电站生态影响研究  

Emergy Evaluation of the Ecological Impacts of Hydropower Stations on the Tibetan Plateau

作　　者：贤雯 张士锋[1] 邱桃 XIAN Wen;ZHANG Shi-feng;QIU Tao(Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Process,Institute of Geographic Science and Natural Resources Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,P.R.China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,P.R.China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所陆地水循环及地表过程重点实验室,北京100101 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《水生态学杂志》2023年第6期1-9,共9页Journal of Hydroecology

基　　金：第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究。

摘　　要：综合定量评价水电工程建设及运营过程中产生的生态效应,是合理开发和运营水电站的重要前提。为了探究青藏高原水能资源开发对区域生态系统的影响,运用能值分析法,以西藏雅鲁藏布江加查水电站为例,将水电站建设、运行过程中的各项资源投入以及因水电站建设造成的生态系统服务功能损失纳入能值核算体系中,对水电站的生态效应进行综合定量评估。结果显示:(1)加查水电站平均每年运行需要的能值投入为1.18×10^(21) sej,其中河流势能提供了3.30×10^(20) sej,占能值总投入的27.79%;(2)生态系统服务年能值损失为8.40×10^(18)sej,主要包括泥沙淤积、水库淹没和气候调节等,其中泥沙淤积年能值损失占比89%,是生态服务年能值损失的主要组成部分;(3)环境负载率(ELR)为0.85,能值可持续指标(ESI)为3.60,说明加查水电站对青藏高原的生态影响较小且有较好的可持续能力。研究表明,在青藏高原建设水电站是可行的,但其开发规划必须遵循适度开发、生态为先的原则。A systematic and quantitative evaluation of the ecological effects due to construction and operation of hydropower projects is important for the rational development and operation of hydro-power stations.In this study,the Jiacha Hydropower Station on the Yarlung Zangbo River on the Tibetan Plateau was selected for research.The overall ecological impacts during construction and op-eration of the station were analyzed based on emergy(embodied energy)analysis,a method for eco-logical energy accounting.Our aim was to provide quantitative evidence for operational management of the Jiacha Hydropower Station and balanced ecological development in the study area.Resource investment as well as the loss of ecosystem services caused by the constructing and operating the hydropower station were used as input data in the emergy analysis,and four emergy indices were selected for evaluating the ecological impact of Jiacha Hydropower Station:(1)The emergy ratio of renewable resources(REN),(2)the emergy yield ratio(EYR),(3)the environmental load rate(ELR),and(4)the emergy sustainability index(ESI).Results indicate:(1)The average annual emer-gy input required for the operation of the Jiacha Hydropower Station was 1.18×10^(21) seJ,of which the river potential energy provided 3.30×10^(20) sej,accounting for 27.79%of the total emergy input.(2)The annual emergy loss due to reduced ecosystem services was 8.40×10^(18) sej,primarily attribut-ed to sedimentation,reservoir inundation and climate regulation.The annual emergy loss of sedimen-tation accounted for 89%,being the primary annual emergy loss of the ecological services compo-nent.(3)The environmental load rate of the investigated area was 0.85,and the emergy sustainabili-ty index(ESI)was 3.60,indicating that construction and operation of Jiacha Hydropower Station produced a small ecological impact on the Tibetan Plateau and that ecological sustainability in the research area is good.In conclusion,it is feasible to construct hydropower stations on the Tibetan Plateau,but principl

关 键 词：能值理论 生态效应 生态系统服务功能 青藏高原 加查水电站 

分 类 号：Q143[生物学—生态学]