长江支流大宁河巫溪段鱼类群落结构的年际变化及保护对策  

Interannual Variations of Fish Community Structure and Measures to Preserve Fishery Resources in the Wuxi Section of Daning River

作　　者：唐会元[1] 朱其广 金瑶 董纯[1] 赵娜[1] 陈小娟[1] 李德旺 TANG Hui-yuan;ZHU Qi-guang;JIN Yao;DONG Chun;ZHAO Na;CHEN Xiao-juan;LI De-wang(Key Laboratory of Ecological Impacts of Hydraulic-projects and Restoration of Aquatic Ecosystem of Ministry of Water Resources,Institute of Hydroecology,Ministry of Water Resources and Chinese Academy of Sciences,Wuhan 430079,P.R.China)

机构地区：[1]水利部中国科学院水工程生态研究所,水利部水工程生态效应与生态修复重点实验室,湖北武汉430079

出　　处：《水生态学杂志》2023年第6期63-71,共9页Journal of Hydroecology

基　　金：“十四五”国家重点研发计划课题(2021YFC3200304);水利部重大科技项目(SKR-2022015);金沙江下游流域水生生态监测(JG/19018B)。

摘　　要：研究大宁河巫溪自然流水河段鱼类群落结构的年际变动特征,为大宁河鱼类资源保护提供依据。2011-2022年的6-7月和11-12月,在大宁河下游、巫溪县城以上的流水河段7个区域,使用定置刺网和虾笼捕捞鱼类,研究种类组成、优势种、物种多样性、群落结构及其变动特征,分析三峡水库175m正常蓄水后该河段鱼类群落结构的年际变化特征及其影响因素。结果显示:调查河段有鱼类6目13科52属72种,其中长江上游特有鱼类9种、国家二级重点保护动物3种,优势种7种;鱼类种类组成在各年间的Jaccard指数值在0.85~1.00,差异不显著;鱼类的Margalef丰富度指数和Shannon-Wiener多样性指数在年际间呈现先上升后下降再上升的趋势,而Pielou均匀度指数则呈现先下降后上升的趋势;鱼类群落结构在2016年和2018年时发生了明显的变化,渔获物中喜流水性的长江上游特有鱼类或国家重点保护鱼类的相对丰度下降,广布型的小型鱼类相对丰度明显上升。建议通过实施就地保护、生态景观修复、非土著鱼类控制等方式,加强对巫溪江段特有及重要鱼类种类的保护。Daning River is located on the left bank of Three Gorges Reservoir and is affected by its regulation and operation.In this study,we analyzed the interannual variation and influencing fac-tors of fish community structure in the Wuxi section of Daning River at the 175 m impoundment level of Three Gorges Reservoir,focusing on species composition,dominant species,and community diversity.Meanwhile,measures for protecting fish resources in this section were suggested.Our aim was to provide evidence for preserving fish resources in Daning River.The river area investigated was the section with natural running water in the lower Daning River above Wuxi County.In June-July and November-December during the period 2011-2022,an annual fishery survey was carried out at seven sampling sites using gill nets and shrimp cages.The fish collected were counted and identified in situ,and total length,body length and weight of all samples were measured.A total of 72 fish species from 52 genera,13 families and 6 orders were collected during the 10 years,includ-ing 9 species endemic to the upper Yangtze River and 3 species were national second-class protect-ed animals(Myxocyprinus asiaticus,Onychostoma macrolepis,and Procypris rabaudi).The number of fish species collected each year was in the range 43-47,with the highest richness of fish species in 2019 and the lowest in 2016.Jaccard coefficient values,indicating fish species composition,were in the range 0.85-1.00 during the study period,and there were no significant differences in species composition among the years.Margalef richness(R)and Shannon-Wiener diversity indices(H)both increased initially,then decreased,and increased again.The Pielou evenness index(J)decreased ini-tially and then increased.There were 7 dominant species in the study area,including 2 fish species endemic to the upper Yangtze River(Schizothorax prenanti and Leptospira latifolia)and 1 fish spe-cies of the national key protected animal(Onychostoma macrolepis).The fish community structure changed obviously in 2016

关 键 词：物种多样性 群落结构 年际变动 保护对策 大宁河 

分 类 号：S932.4[农业科学—渔业资源]