草鱼单养和混养池塘的水质与生物组成特征  

Water Quality and Bio-composition in a Monoculture and Polyculture Grass Carp Pond

作　　者：肖述文 刘兴国[2] 陆诗敏[2] 赵宇曦 顾兆俊[2] 周润锋 XIAO Shu-wen;LIU Xing-guo;LU Shi-min;ZHAO Yu-xi;GU Zhao-jun;ZHOU Run-feng(College of Fisheries and Life Science,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,P.R.China;Fishery Machinery and Instrument Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Shanghai 200092,P.R.China)

机构地区：[1]上海海洋大学水产与生命学院,上海201306 [2]中国水产科学研究院渔业机械仪器研究所,上海200092

出　　处：《水生态学杂志》2023年第6期79-87,共9页Journal of Hydroecology

基　　金：国家现代农业产业技术体系建设项目(CARS-46);国家重点研发计划项目(2019YFD0900300)。

摘　　要：为比较单养、混养草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idella)养殖池塘的水质与生物组成特点,采取水质分析、环境DNA与传统鉴别方法对草鱼单养、混养(草鱼:混养鱼为80:20)两种池塘的水质变化、浮游生物、底栖生物、菌-群结构进行了分析。结果显示:混养池塘的水质优于单养池塘,混养池塘水体中总氮(TN)、硝态氮(NO_(3)^(-)N)、+-氨氮(NH_(4)^(-)N)、亚硝态氮(NO2-N)的浓度比单养池塘分别低10.15%、3.78%、5.07%、80.18%,总磷(TP)和活性磷(SRP)的浓度分别低27.14%和56.26%;两类池塘中浮游植物均以绿藻门(Chlorophyta)、蓝藻门(Cyanophyta)、隐藻门(Cryptophyta)为优势种,但单养池塘中的藻类密度为3.00×10^(7)个/L,低于混养池塘1.04×10^(8)个/L;两类池塘中的浮游动物均以轮虫和原生动物为优势种,枝角类和桡足类生物数量较少,单养池塘中浮游动物密度高于混养池塘;在底栖动物方面,单养池塘存在螺类、水蚯蚓和摇蚊幼虫,而混养池塘仅有螺类和摇蚊幼虫。在菌群组成方面,单养池塘水体中以厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)为优势类群,混养池塘水体中以变形菌门(Proteobacteria)为优势类群;但在两种池塘底泥中,均以变形菌门为优势类群。研究表明,草鱼混养有利于改善养殖池塘水质,增加浮游植物丰富度,改变养殖水体菌群的结构。研究结果为优化草鱼池塘养殖结构、改善水质、构建高效池塘养殖模式提供了依据。In this study,we analyzed the differences in water quality,plankton,benthos and bacterial com-munity structure between monoculture and polyculture grass carp ponds(80:20).Water quality analysis,en-vironmental DNA and traditional identification methods were used,and the water quality and biological composition of the two culturing methods were compared.We aimed to provide evidence for evaluating grass carp culture modes and construction of highly efficient grass carp culture systems.This study also explored the existing problems of using environmental DNA to monitor culture pond ecosystems.Results show that water quality in the polyculture pond was better than in the monoculture pond.Concentrations of TN,NO_(3)^(-)-N,NH_(4)^(+)-N and NO_(2)^(-)-N in the polyculture pond were lower,respectively,by 10.15%,3.78%,5.07%and 80.18%,and the concentrations of TP and SRP were 27.14%and 56.26%lower than in the mono-culture pond.Chlorophyta,Cyanophyta and Cryptophyta were dominated in both ponds.The density of phy-toplankton in the monoculture pond was 3.00×10^(7) ind/L,lower than in polyculture pond(1.04×10^(8) ind/L).Rotifers and protozoa were the dominant zooplankton groups in both ponds,with lower densities of Cladophora and Copepoda.The zooplankton density in the monoculture pond was higher than in the polyc-ulture pond.In terms of benthos,Gastropoda,Oligochaeta and Chironomidae were observed in the mono-culture pond,while only Gastropoda and Chironomidae were found in the polyculture pond.In terms of the microbial composition,Firmicutes was the dominant group in the monoculture pond,Proteobacteri was the dominant group in the polyculture pond and Proteobacteria was the dominant group in the sediments of both ponds.In conclusion,grass carp polyculture can improve the water quality of aquaculture ponds,in-crease phytoplankton richness and change the structure of aquaculture pond flora.This study provides a ba-sis for optimizing grass carp culture,improving water quality and constructing an efficient culture system.

关 键 词：草鱼池塘 养殖模式 水质指标 生物组成 环境DNA 

分 类 号：S964.3[农业科学—水产养殖] Q178.1[农业科学—水产科学]