异养硝化-好氧反硝化细菌在海水养殖废水脱氮中的研究进展  

Research Progress on Heterotrophic Nitrification-Aerobic Denitrification Bacteria in the Denitrification of Mariculture Wastewater

作　　者：周鹏 刘鹰[2,3] 慕欣廷 苏鑫 吴英海 韩蕊 ZHOU Peng;LIU Ying;MU Xin-ting;SU Xin;WU Ying-hai;HAN Rui(College of Fisheries and Life Science,Dalian Ocean University,Dalian 116023,P.R.China;Key Laboratory of Environment Controlled Aquaculture,Dalian Ocean University,Dalian 116023,P.R.China;College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310058,P.R.China;College of Marine and Civil Engineering,Dalian Ocean University,Dalian 116023,P.R.China)

机构地区：[1]大连海洋大学水产与生命学院,辽宁大连116023 [2]大连海洋大学设施渔业教育部重点实验室,辽宁大连116023 [3]浙江大学生物系统工程与食品科学学院,浙江杭州310058 [4]大连海洋大学海洋与土木工程学院,辽宁大连116023

出　　处：《水生态学杂志》2023年第6期148-157,共10页Journal of Hydroecology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(32273186);国家重点研发计划项目(2019YFD0900501);辽宁省科学技术计划项目(2021JH2/10200012);大连市支持高层次人才创新创业项目(2020RQ111);设施渔业教育部重点实验室开放课题项目(202211)。

摘　　要：异养硝化―好氧反硝化(heterotrophic nitrification-aerobic denitrification,HN-AD)脱氮技术可在好氧条件下同步实现硝化/反硝化过程,在海水养殖废水生物脱氮处理中具有巨大应用潜力。梳理海水环境中HN-AD菌的分离筛选研究进展,结合关键功能基因和酶系分析了HN-AD脱氮途径与机制,归纳了碳源、碳氮比、溶解氧、氮源、温度、pH以及新型污染物等主要环境因子对HN-AD菌脱氮效果的影响。今后需进一步通过常规和分子生物学手段获得高效脱氮菌株,借助多组学手段阐明脱氮途径与机制,厘清环境因素影响HN-AD菌的分子生物机制以获得最优工艺参数。Heterotrophic nitrification-aerobic denitrification(HN-AD)technology can simultaneously produce nitrification and denitrification under aerobic conditions,a significant advantage for the bio-logical denitrification of marine aquaculture wastewater.In this study,we reviewed recent research on the isolation and screening HN-AD bacteria in seawater,the denitrification pathway and mechanism of HN-AD bacteria,and the key functional genes and enzymes guiding denitrification.The effects of primary environmental factors(carbon source,carbon-nitrogen ratio,dissolved oxygen,nitrogen source,temperature,pH and emerging contaminants)on nitrogen removal by HN-AD bacteria were also summarized.Finally,prospects for future research were discussed for optimizing the biological denitrification of marine aquaculture wastewater.Promising research directions include obtaining high-efficiency denitrification strains by conventional and molecular methods,elucidating the mecha-nism of nitrogen removal using a multi-omics approach,and clarifying the molecular mechanism of environmental factors affecting HN-AD bacteria.Our study provides a reference for the practical ap-plication of HN-AD bacteria in treating wastewater from mariculture.

关 键 词：养殖废水 脱氮菌 生物学机制 环境因子 工艺参数 

分 类 号：X55[环境科学与工程—环境工程]