基于光谱遥感技术的作物营养诊断研究进展  

Research and progress of crop nutrition diagnosis based on spectral remote sensing technology

作　　者：蒋雪松[1] 黄林峰 贾志成[1] 戎子凡 JIANG Xuesong;HUANG Linfeng;JIA Zhicheng;RONG Zifan(College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering,Nanjing Forestry University,Nanjing 210037,China)

机构地区：[1]南京林业大学机械电子工程学院,南京210037

出　　处：《林业工程学报》2023年第6期13-23,共11页Journal of Forestry Engineering

基　　金：江苏省现代农机装备与技术示范推广项目(NJ2022-12);江苏省科技计划专项资金(重点研发计划现代农业)项目(BE2022374)。

摘　　要：营养元素在作物生长的各个阶段都具有重要作用,其含量的丰缺直接影响作物正常生理活动,如叶绿素、蛋白质的合成,根系的生长等。准确的作物营养诊断可以保证施肥量与作物本身营养需求量相匹配,保证作物的正常生长。随着无人机、直升机和卫星等遥感平台,多光谱和高光谱相机等光学传感器以及相关技术发展成熟之后,光谱遥感技术逐渐应用于农林业营养诊断。光谱遥感技术利用反射光谱数据估计叶片理化参数,是获取作物营养元素含量的一种有效手段,具有成本低、作业范围大、劳动量需求性低等优点。分析了物理与化学营养诊断技术的方法与手段,指出光谱遥感技术的先进性,归纳了光谱遥感技术的基本分析步骤,重点综述了近年来该技术在诊断作物氮、磷、钾等必需营养元素方面的具体应用和理论研究方面的不足,提出了微量元素含量检测的必要性,推动多营养元素光谱数据库建立、数字孪生技术应用和算法优化,以期提高作物大面积营养诊断的准确度和便利性。Nutrient elements play an important role in all stages of crop growth,and their abundance or deficiency directly affects normal physiological activities of crops,such as chlorophyll and protein synthesis,root growth,etc.The current crop production process is characterized by irrational situations such as over-fertilization,which affects crop growth and causes environmental problems.With people s concerns about issues of environmental protection and human health,the precise application of fertilizer has become a research hotspot.Accurate nutrient diagnosis can ensure that the fertilizer application matches the crop s own nutrient requirements without being wasted and doing harm to the environment.As the main indicator of nutrient abundance and deficiency,the crop s own nutritional status can be judged by traits such as leaf color,curl and dryness.Low nitrogen content would lead to a slower rate of chlorophyll synthesis in crop leaves and a yellow color in the center of the leaf and the vein area;too much nitrogen would lead to thinning of the cell walls and sudden growth of stems and branches.Phosphorus content is second only to nitrogen and potassium,often in the form of organic matter involved in the metabolic process of vegetation,promoting the growth of early plant roots and improve crop yield.Potassium content is comparable to that of nitrogen and exists mainly in the form of inorganic salts.In potassium deficiency,carbohydrate metabolism is disturbed,chlorophyll is destroyed,leaf margins are scorched and ruffled,and transpiration rate is subsequently affected.Spectral remote sensing technology can be utilized to study the reflectance properties of crop leaves.Spectral remote sensing technology is gradually applied to the agroforestry as remote sensing platforms,optical sensors and related technologies developing.It is an effective means to obtain nutrient element information which uses reflectance spectral data to estimate leaf physicochemical parameters,with low cost,large operating range and low labor dema

关 键 词：作物 遥感 营养元素 营养诊断 光谱诊断 

分 类 号：TP79[自动化与计算机技术—检测技术与自动化装置]