儿童头面部外伤特点分析  

Analysis of the characteristics of children's head and face trauma

作　　者：米洁 陈晨[1] 李佳玲 裴海娜 张恒博 李飞[1] 李东杰[1] Mi Jie;Chen Chen;Li Jialing;Pei Haina;Zhang Hengbo;Li Fei;Li Dongjie(Department of Burn and Plastic,Hainan Hospital of PLA General Hospital,Sanya 572000,China)

机构地区：[1]解放军总医院海南医院烧伤整形科,三亚572000

出　　处：《中华损伤与修复杂志（电子版）》2023年第6期511-515,共5页Chinese Journal of Injury Repair and Wound Healing(Electronic Edition)

摘　　要：目的探讨海南儿童头面部外伤特征,为开展预防和干预提供依据。方法采用回顾性分析,以2018-2023年期间,在解放军总医院海南医院烧伤整形科急诊行头面部美容缝合的12岁以下儿童为研究对象,分析患儿的性别、年龄、致伤原因、致伤月份分布、伤口部位、伤口长度、伤口深度、术后愈合等。结果3840例患儿中婴幼儿期及学龄前期(<6岁)为头面外伤高发年龄。男性患儿发生率明显高于女性患儿,且年龄段越大,男性患儿比例越大,女性患儿比例越小。致伤原因主要为摔伤、磕、撞伤,且随小儿年龄增加该致伤原因所占比例减小,交通事故伤、打斗伤等意外伤害比例增大。高发月份为1、2月,及11、12月。小儿面部外伤主要受伤部位为额部、颏部,外伤长度平均(2±1)cm,深度达皮下组织、肌层的为多,面部美容缝合结合后续抗瘢痕治疗,一般均可取得较好的愈后。结论小儿头面部外伤有着明显的年龄性别特点,有着特定的发病规律,合理的针对性的防范措施可减少小儿面部外伤的发生,面部外伤发生后,采取美容整形缝合及后期抗瘢痕治疗,可减少头面部瘢痕产生。Objective To investigate the features of head and facial trauma in children in Hainan,and provide a basis for prevention and intervention.Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on children under the age of 12 who received emergency cosmetic sutures for head and facial trauma at the Department of Burn and Plastic in Hainan Hospital of PLA General Hospital between 2018 and 2023.Gender,age,cause of injury,distribution of injury by month,location,length,and depth of the wound,and postoperative healing were analyzed.Results Of the 3840 children,infants and preschoolers(under 6 years old)were the most susceptible to head and facial trauma.The incidence rate of male children was significantly higher than that of female children,and the proportion of male children increased with age while that of female children decreased.The main causes of injury were falls,knocks,and collisions,and the proportion of these causes decreased as the child′s age increased,while the proportion of accidental injuries such as traffic accidents and fighting increased.The peak months for head and facial trauma were January,February,November,and December.The most common sites of injury were the forehead and chin,and the length of the wound was mainly distributed in the range of(2±1)cm.Wounds reaching the subcutaneous tissue and muscle layer were more common.With the combination of facial cosmetic suture and subsequent anti-scarring treatment,good postoperative outcomes were generally achieved.Conclusion Head and facial trauma in children shows clear age and gender characteristics and specific patterns of occurrence.Reasonable preventive measures can reduce the incidence of head and facial trauma in children.After the occurrence of facial trauma,cosmetic suture and anti-scarring treatment can reduce the production of scars on the head and face.

关 键 词：儿童 创伤和损伤 急诊处理 伤口缝合技术 

分 类 号：R622[医药卫生—整形外科]