稻田常用6种化学农药对克氏原螯虾的安全性评价  

Safety evaluation of 6 chemical pesticides to Procambarus clarkii in paddy fields

作　　者：吴碧球[1] 李成 黄所生[1] 黄芊[1] 凌炎[1] 龙丽萍[1] 黄凤宽[1] WU Biqiu;LI Cheng;HUANG Suosheng;HUANG Qian;LING Yan;LONG Liping;HUANG Fengkuan(Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control on Fruits and Vegetables in South China,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Guangxi Key Laboratory for Biology of Crop Diseases and Insect Pests,Plant Protection Research Institute,Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Nanning 530007,China)

机构地区：[1]广西壮族自治区农业科学院植物保护研究所,农业农村部华南果蔬绿色防控重点实验室广西农作物病虫害生物学重点实验室,南宁530007

出　　处：《农药》2023年第11期817-822,共6页Agrochemicals

基　　金：广西创新驱动发展专项资金项目(桂科AA20302019-3);广西自然科学基金项目(2021GXNSFAA196059);国家自然科学基金项目(32260670);国家现代农业产业技术体系广西(水稻)创新团队建设专项(nycytxgxcxtd-2021-01-05);广西农业科学院基本科研业务专项(桂农科2021YT073)。

摘　　要：[目的]研究6种化学农药对克氏原螯虾的毒性,评价其在稻虾生态种养田使用的安全性,为稻虾生态种养田化学农药的选择和正确使用提供科学指导。[方法]实验室采用室内半静态法测定了6种水稻田常用化学农药对克氏原螯虾24、48、72、96 h的毒性,应用概率单位法计算LC50、Turubell法计算安全质量浓度。[结果]200 g/L氯虫苯甲酰胺SC、10%三氟苯嘧啶SC、20%呋虫胺SG、75%三环唑WP、50%丁草胺EC和55%吡嘧·丙草胺WP对克氏原螯虾96 h LC50分别为335.64、67.30、28.29、751.13、103.79、145.58 mg/L,6种化学农药对克氏原螯虾均为低毒;10%三氟苯嘧啶SC、20%呋虫胺SG、50%丁草胺EC和55%吡嘧·丙草胺WP对克氏原螯虾的安全质量浓度分别为21.41、5.40、1.71、9.60 mg/L,田间安全使用剂量分别为4281.64~6422.45、1079.99~1619.99、342.33~513.49、1919.38~2879.07 g a.i./hm2。[结论]6种化学农药均对克氏原螯虾低毒,在稻虾生态种养稻田,若仅从农药对克氏原螯虾存活的影响方面考虑,杀虫剂200 g/L氯虫苯甲酰胺SC、10%三氟苯嘧啶SC、20%呋虫胺SG、杀菌剂75%三环唑WP和除草剂55%吡嘧·丙草胺WP可在避开克氏原螯虾脱壳高峰期按照最高推荐使用剂量范围正常使用,不建议使用除草剂50%丁草胺EC。[Aims]Studying the toxicity of 6 chemical pesticides on Procambarus clarkii and evaluating their safety in order to provide scientific guidance for the selection and correct use of chemical pesticides in rice-shrimp ecological paddy field.[Methods]The toxicity of 6 chemical pesticides used in paddy fields to P.clarkii of 24,48,72 and 96 h was studied under laboratory conditions,the probability unit method was used to calculate the LC50 and the Turubell method was used to calculate the safe concentration.[Results]The LC50(96 h)of chlorantraniliprole 200 g/L SC,triflumezopyrim 10%SC,dinotefuran 20%SG,tricyclazole 75%WP,butachlor 50%EC and pyrazosulfuron-ethyl·pretilachlor 55%WP to P.clarkii were 335.64,67.30,28.29,751.13,103.79 and 145.58 mg/L,respectively.The six pesticides were all low toxic to P.clarkii.The safe concentrations of triflumezopyrim 10%SC,dinotefuran 20%SG,butachlor 50%EC and pyrazosulfuron-ethyl·pretilachlor 55%WP to P.clarkii were 21.41,5.40,1.71 and 9.60 mg/L,respectively,and the safe dosages in the field were 4281.64-6422.45,1079.99-1619.99,342.33-513.49 and 1919.38-2879.07 g a.i./ha.[Conclusions]Six chemical pesticides are low toxic to P.clarkii.If only considering the impact of pesticides on the survival of P.clarkii,insecticides chlorantraniliprole 200 g/L SC,triflumezopyrim SC 10%,dinotefuran 20%SG,fungicide tricyclazole 75%WP,and herbicide pyrazosulfuron-ethyl·pretilachlor 55%WP can be normally used within the maximum recommended dosage range to avoid the peak period of P.clarkii shelling in the rice-shrimp ecological paddy field,and the herbicide butachlor 50%EC is not recommended.

关 键 词：稻田 农药 克氏原螯虾 毒性 安全性 

分 类 号：TQ450.2[化学工程—农药化工]