天然气在新型电力系统中的重要作用与发展对策  

Important Role of Natural Gas in New Power System and Development Strategy

作　　者：唐红君[1,2] 李洋 李欣瑶[1,2] 吴佳雯 Tang Hongjun;Li Yang;Li Xinyao;Wu Jiawen(PetroChina Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration&Development,Beijing 100083,China;China National Oil&Gas Strategic Research Center,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]中国石油勘探开发研究院 [2]国家油气战略研究中心

出　　处：《石油科技论坛》2023年第5期7-12,共6页PETROLEUM SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY FORUM

基　　金：中国石油天然气集团有限公司课题“天然气对我国清洁能源体系的支撑作用及供应安全研究”(编号:2021-5)。

摘　　要：构建以新能源为主体的新型电力系统是实现“双碳”目标的关键。截至2022年底,我国风能及太阳能累计发电装机规模为7.6×108kW,在全国发电装机结构中占比达到29.6%,预计2035年占比将达到45%。随着高比例新能源纳入电力系统,其灵活性与稳定性面临巨大挑战。天然气发电具有灵活、高效、启停快、变负荷能力强等优势,碳排放量不到煤电的一半,是实现我国电力结构优化和碳减排的重要抓手,可作为电力系统调峰最佳灵活性电源,推动风、光等新能源规模发展。目前制约我国天然气发电发展的关键因素主要表现在国家政策不明朗、冬季供气局部紧张和经济性欠佳等方面,为此提出了加快天然气发展的对策建议:明确天然气发电在新型电力系统中的基荷供应和电力调峰的发展定位,提升新型电力系统安全性与灵活性;统筹天然气与新能源融合发展,打造“气风光水”一体化示范基地;加快天然气应急保障体系建设,确保供气安全;理顺气、电、碳相关价格与政策机制,为保障新型电力系统安全稳定运行提供支撑。Construction of the new-typed power system based mainly on new energy holds the key to realization of the carbon peak and carbon neutrality goal.China’s installed capacity of wind and solar power was accumulated to 7.6×108kW by the end of 2022,accounting for 29.6 percent of the nation’s total installed capacity.This proportion is estimated to reach 45 percent in 2035.With a high proportion of new energy included into the power system,its flexibility and stability will face a huge challenge.Natural gas power generation is flexible,high-efficiency,quick for startup and stoppage,strong for variable load capacity,but carbon emission is less than half the amount discharged from coal-fired power.Therefore,natural gas is the important area for optimization of electric power structure and reduction of carbon emission.It can be used as the most flexible power source for peak adjustment in the power system,thus accelerating large-scale development of new energy like wind energy and photovoltaic energy.Currently,the key factors affecting China’s natural gas-fueled electricity generation include the unclear state policies,the pressure in regional gas supply in winter,and the dissatisfactory economic performance.This paper comes up with the suggestions on acceleration of natural gas development and clarifies the position of natural gas power generation in the base load supply and peak adjustment of the new-typed power system for the purpose to improve safety and flexibility of the new-typed power system.It is proposed to make a unified plan for integrated development of natural gas with new energy to establish the demonstration base of the“gas,wind,photovoltaic and hydraulic”integration,accelerate construction of the natural gas emergency guarantee system to secure the supply,and set the appropriate prices of gas,electricity and carbon with the applicable policy mechanism so as to keep the new-typed power system in safe and stable operation.

关 键 词：天然气 新能源 可再生能源 天然气发电 新型电力系统 

分 类 号：TE155[石油与天然气工程—油气勘探] F426.22[经济管理—产业经济]