青海省海南州1958—2021年人间鼠疫流行特征分析  

Epidemiological characteristics of human plague in Hainan Prefecture,Qinghai Province from 1958 to 2021

作　　者：蒋可 熊浩明[2] 田富彰[2] 张爱萍[2] 杨建国[2] 李伟[3] 刘中凯 魏有文[2] 徐守彪 米宝玉 JIANG Ke;XIONG Haoming;TIAN Fuzhang;ZHANG Aiping;YANG Jianguo;LI Wei;LIU Zhongkai;WEI Youwen;XU Shoubiao;MI Baoyu(Department of Public Health,Medical School,Qinghai University,Xining,Qinghai 810001,China;不详)

机构地区：[1]青海大学医学部公共卫生系,青海西宁810001 [2]青海省地方病预防控制所鼠疫预防控制科 [3]中国疾病预防控制中心传染病预防控制所

出　　处：《医学动物防制》2023年第10期919-922,共4页Journal of Medical Pest Control

基　　金：国家卫生健康委鼠疫防治研究重点实验室(共建)(2019PT310004);青海省科技厅基础研究计划项目(2019-ZJ-7074);青海省鼠疫防控及研究重点实验室(2021-ZJ-Y15)。

摘　　要：目的针对鼠疫防控出现的新特点,分析青海省海南州1958—2021年人间鼠疫流行状况,为制定更科学的鼠疫防控对策提供依据。方法收集青海省地方病预防控制所人间鼠疫病例数据库中海南州的病例资料,应用Excel 2010与Arc-Map 10.2软件和描述流行病学方法对海南州人间鼠疫疫情的年际变化与流行趋势、季节分布、地区分布、人群分布、传染源、传播途径及鼠疫病例分型和转归情况进行统计分析。结果海南州在1958—2021年共发生人间鼠疫35起,报告病例127例(男性99例,女性28例),死亡39例,病死率为30.71%(39/127);民族以藏族居多,占总病例数的62.99%(80/127);职业分布以农、牧民为主,占总病例数的85.83%(109/127);18~38岁青壮年最多。人间鼠疫在7~10月多发,其中7月为高发月份;海南州以共和县人间鼠疫最为严重,64年间共发生人间鼠疫30起92例;首发病例主要由剥(食)旱獭感染引起(23起),其次为剥狐狸皮(4起);病型以肺鼠疫为主,为100例(原发性93例,继发性7例);鼠疫病例在确诊早期死亡例数较多(在确诊后1~6d内死亡病例数占死亡病例总数的84.20%)。结论青海省海南州人间鼠疫疫情仍严峻,应在结合流行病学特征和社会新形势的同时,综合采取各项有效措施,有效防控人间鼠疫的发生和流行。Objective Given the new characteristics in plague prevention and control,the epidemic status of human plague in Hainan Prefecture,Qinghai Province from 1958 to 2021 was analyzed to provide the basis for formulating more scientific plague prevention and control countermeasures.Methods The information for human plague cases in Hainan Prefecture were collected from the plague case database of the Qinghai Provincial Institute of Local Disease Control and Prevention.Excel 2010 and Arc-Map 10.2 software and descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the annual changes and epidemic trends,seasonal distribution,regional distribution,population distribution,source of infection,transmission routes,and plague classification and prognosis of human plague in Hainan Prefecture.Results A total of 35 cases of human plagues occurred in Hainan Prefecture from 1958 to 2021,with 127 reported cases(99 males and 28 females)and 39 deaths,with a fatality rate of 30.71%(39/127).Most ethnic groups were Tibetan,accounting for 62.99%of total cases(80/127).The occupational distribution was mainly farmers and herdsmen,accounting for 85.83%(109/127).The majority were young adults aged 18 to 38 human plague occurs frequently from July to October,with July being the most common month.The most serious Human plague occurred in Gonghe County,Hainan Prefecture,with 92 cases of human plague occurring in 30 clusters over 64 years.The earliest cases were mainly caused by stipping(eating)marmot infection(23 clusters),folowed by fox peeling(4 clusters).The main disease type was the pulmonary plague with a total of 100 cases,including 93 primary cases and 7 secondary cases.Alarge number of plague cases died in the early stage of diagnosis(84.20%of the deaths occurred within 1-6 days after diagnosis).Conclusion The human plague epidemic in Hainan Prefecture of Qinghai Province is still serious.Effective measures should be taken in combination with the epidemiological character-istics and the new social situation to effectively prevent and con

关 键 词：人间鼠疫 疾病分布 流行特征 海南州 预防控制 分析 

分 类 号：R254.8[医药卫生—中医内科学]