2021—2022年武汉市冬春季外环境禽流感病毒监测分析  

Surveillance and analysis of Avian influenza virus in the external environment of Wuhan in winter and spring from 2021 to 2022

作　　者：吴奕璇 孔雯骅[1] 李瑶 张祎婕 刘满清[1] WU Yixuan;KONG Wenhua;LI Yao;ZHANG Yijie;LIU Manqing(Institute of Pathogen Immunity,Wuhan Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Wuhan,Hubei 430000,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉市疾病预防控制中心病原免疫所,湖北武汉430000

出　　处：《医学动物防制》2023年第10期937-941,946,共6页Journal of Medical Pest Control

基　　金：湖北省公共卫生青年拔尖人才资助项目基金(鄂卫通[2021]74号)。

摘　　要：目的了解2021—2022年武汉市冬春季外环境禽流感病毒活动强度及分布,为完善人感染禽流感防控策略提供科学依据。方法2021年12月至2022年3月,收集武汉市部分远城区的外环境样本。用实时荧光定量PCR法对A型流感病毒及其H5、H7、H9亚型进行检测。使用SPSS 20.0软件进行χ^(2)检验统计分析。结果共采集外环境样本2525份,A型流感病毒阳性检出率为8.67%,禽流感病毒以H9亚型为主(5.47%),H5亚型次之(1.03%)。12月(11.38%)和次年3月(10.40%)禽流感病毒阳性检出率较高。东湖高新区、东西湖区、蔡甸区和黄陂区检出禽流感病毒。活禽市场(37.53%)、家禽流动摊贩(26.00%)和家禽屠宰加工场(18.18%)更易检出禽流感病毒。案板表面擦拭标本(19.37%)和清洗禽类污水标本(13.86%)禽流感病毒的阳性检出率较高。贩运来源的禽类样本禽流感病毒的阳性检出率(22.53%)高于自养来源的禽类样本(1.18%)。结论2021—2022年武汉市冬春季部分远城区外环境存在禽流感病毒污染,以H9亚型为主。人口密度较大的区域,涉及禽类种类较多的外环境样本,禽流感病毒的阳性检出率较高。加强禽类样本管控,对禽类市场环境进行消杀,对易感人群进行规范化管理,有利于控制禽流感病毒的传播。Objective To understand the activity intensity and distribution of Avian influenza virus in the external environment of Wuhan in winter and spring from 2021 to 2022,so as to provide scientific basis for improving the prevention and control strategies of human infection with avian influenza.Methods From December 2021 to March 2022,external environmental samples were collected from some remote urban districts in Wuhan.Influenza A virus and its subtypes H5,H7 and H9 were detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR.SPSS 20.O software was used for χ^(2) test statistical analysis.ResultsA total of 2525 external environmental samples were collected.The positive rate of Influenza A virus was 8.67%.The major Avian influenza virus subtype was H9(5.47%),followed by H5(1.03%).The positive rate of Avian influenza virus was higher in December(11.38%)and March(10.40%)of the following year.Avian influenza virus were detected in Dong Hugaoxin District,Dong Xihu District,Cai Dian District and Huang Pi District.Avian influenza virus was more likely to be detected in live poultry markets(37.53%),poultry vendors(26.00%)and poultry slaughtering and processing plants(18.18%).The swabbed specimens on the surface of the chopping board(19.37%)and the sewage samples from cleaning poultry(13.86%)both had a higher positive rate of Avian influenza virus.The positive rate of Avian influenza virus in trafficked poultry samples(22.53%)was higher than that of self-raised poultry samples(1.18%).Conclusion There is Avian influenza virus pollution in the external environment of some remote urban districts of Wuhan in winter and spring from 2021 to 2022.Avian influenza virus is dominated by subtype H9.The positive rate of Avian influenza virus is higher in the external environment samples collected from areas with large population density and many bird species.Strengthening the control of poultry samples,disinfecting the poultry market environment,and standardizing management of susceptible populations are conducive to controlling the spread

关 键 词：禽流感 外环境 武汉市 冬春季 监测 分析 

分 类 号：R511.7[医药卫生—内科学]