2020年广州市外环境禽流感病毒监测与职业暴露人群血清学分析  

Avian influenza virus monitoring in external environment and serological analysis of occupational exposure population in Guangzhou City in 2020

作　　者：夏丹[1] 刘艳慧[1] 曹蓝[1] 陈艺韵[1] 朱娉婷 李魁彪[1] 狄飚[1] XIA Dan;LIU Yanhui;CAO Lan;CHEN Yiyun;ZHU Pingting;LI Kuibiao;DI Biao(Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Guangzhou,Guangdong 510440,China)

机构地区：[1]广州市疾病预防控制中心,广东广州510440

出　　处：《医学动物防制》2023年第11期1064-1067,共4页Journal of Medical Pest Control

基　　金：广州市医学重点学科(2021-2023-11);广州市科技计划项目(202201010794)。

摘　　要：目的分析2020年广州市新冠肺炎常态化管理背景下,禽类市场外环境禽流感病毒的污染情况和职业暴露人群的感染现状,为人禽流感疫情的防控提供科学依据。方法2020年1—12月在广州市每个社区卫生服务中心辖区内选择1家禽类市场进行抽样,实时荧光定量PCR方法检测A型及H5、H7、H9亚型禽流感病毒核酸。采集职业暴露人群的血清标本,使用血凝抑制试验方法检测抗体滴度。结果共检测17068份环境标本,A型及H5、H7、H9亚型禽流感病毒核酸阳性检出率分别为16.94%、1.90%、0.12%、12.66%,H9亚型占A型禽流感病毒总阳性率的74.71%。8~9月和12月出现2次流行高峰,2~3月阳性率最低。广州市周边城区各型别禽流感病毒核酸阳性检出率高于中心城区(χ^(2)=1118.120、86.531、9.576、881.309,P<0.05)。A型禽流感病毒核酸阳性检出率最高的标本类型分别为禽类饮用水(26.10%)、脱毛机内壁(21.49%)和档口地面(21.08%)。1712份血清标本,48份为血凝素抗体阳性,H5、H7、H9亚型禽流感病毒均有检出。结论2020年广州市禽类市场外环境禽流感病毒以H9亚型为主,H5、H7亚型共流行,职业暴露人群存在禽流感病毒隐性感染,应加强主动监测。Objective To analyze the contamination status of Avian influenza virus in the external environment of poultry markets and the infection status of occupational exposed population under the background of normalized management of COVID-19 in Guangzhou in 2020,so as to provide scientific basis for the prevention and control of human avian influenza epidemic.Methods From January to December 2020,one poultry market was selected from each community health service center in Guangzhou.The real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR method was used to detect the nucleic acid of type A and sub-type H5,H7,and H9 Avian influenza viruses.Serum specimens of occupational exposure population were collected,and the antibody titer was detected by hemagglutination inhibition test method.Results A total of 17068 environmental specimens were tested.The positive rates of type A,sub-type H5,H7 and H9 Avian influenza viruses nucleic acid were 16.94%,1.90%,0.12%and 12.66%,respectively.The sub-type H9 accounted for 74.71%of the total positive rate of Avian influenza A virus.Two epidemic peaks occurred in August to September and December,and the positive rate was the lowest in February to March.The positive detection rates of all types of Avian influenza virus nucleic acid in the surrounding urban areas of Guangzhou City were higher than those in the central urban areas(χ^(2)=1118.120,86.531,9.576,881.309,P<0.05).The specimens with the highest positive detection rate of Avian influenza A virus nucleic acid were poultry drinking water(26.10%),inner wall of depilator(21.49%)and floor of stall(21.08%).Among 1712 serum specimens,48 were hemagglutinin antibody positive,and sub-type H5,H7 and H9 Avian influenza viruses were detected.Conclusion Subtype H9 is the main subtype of Avian influenza virus in the external environment of Guangzhou poultry markets in 2020,and H5 and H7 subtypes are co-prevalent.Inapparent infection of Avian influenza virus existed in occupational exposure population,and active surveillance should be strengthened.

关 键 词：禽流感 外环境 监测 分析 

分 类 号：R511.7[医药卫生—内科学]