作为媒介的博物馆及其在中国的专业化发展方向  

The Direction of Museums' Professionalisation as Media in China

作　　者：周婧景[1] 钟燕仪 Zhou Jingjing;Zhong Yanyi

机构地区：[1]复旦大学文物与博物馆学系,上海市200433

出　　处：《自然科学博物馆研究》2023年第5期12-22,共11页Journal of Natural Science Museum Research

基　　金：国家社会科学基金专项一般项目“博物馆基于实物的体验式学习对少年儿童精神素养的培养及加强研究”,编号:22VSZ109;上海市哲学社会科学规划一般课题“博物馆基于实物的学习对日常学习模式的启发及构建研究”,编号:2021BTQ002。

摘　　要：博物馆是为数不多的、能与受众直接沟通的媒介,虽然小众,但传播内容真实形象、纵观古今,传播方式倡导多感官认知和身体交互,由此在学习、社交和崇拜三方面呈现出不可替代的媒介优势。但目前我国博物馆的这些潜在优势尚未完全释放,究其根源在于专业化程度不高。为此,需要更新认识论以弥补理论和实践的断裂;在整体论视阈下通过关联需求和重组业务提升专业化水平;基于观众立场廓清博物馆学科并提出中国方案。促使博物馆经由专业化发挥其独特的媒介潜能,从根本上帮助破解国人全面发展的难题。Museums serve as a unique medium for communicating directly with their visitors.Despite being niche,they provide authentic representations and offer a comprehensive view of the past and present.Their mode of communication promotes multisensory cognition and physical interaction,offering irreplaceable advantages in the areas of learning,social interaction and worship.However,the potential advantages of museums have not been fully realized in our country,primarily due to a lack of professionalization.To address this,it is necessary to update epistemology to bridge the gap between theory and practice.From a holistic perspective,it is crucial to enhance professionalism by aligning with demand and restructuring operations.Based on an visitor-centred approach,clarifying the discipline of Museology and proposing a Chinese solution are key steps in enabling museums to harness their unique media potential through professionalization,which fundamentally contributes to solving challenges related to holistic human development.

关 键 词：博物馆媒介的特殊性 博物馆的媒介优势 博物馆专业化 

分 类 号：G269.2[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]