基于频谱的拉削刀具磨损识别技术  

Spectrum-based Broaching Tool Wear Recognition Technology

作　　者：盛青 唐阳 肖航 周知 SHENG Qing;TANG Yang;XIAO Hang;ZHOU Zhi(Shanghai Automotive Brake Systems Co.,Ltd.,Shanghai201814,China;School of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation,Shanghai University,Shanghai200444,China;Zhejiang CHR Intelligent Equipment Co.,Ltd.,Jinyun Zhejiang321404,China)

机构地区：[1]上海汽车制动器有限公司,上海201814 [2]上海大学机电工程与自动化学院,上海200444 [3]浙江畅尔智能装备股份有限公司,浙江缙云321404

出　　处：《机电产品开发与创新》2023年第6期132-135,共4页Development & Innovation of Machinery & Electrical Products

摘　　要：拉削是一种使用称为拉刀的带齿工具去除材料的加工过程。拉削刀具随着拉削次数的增加会发生磨损、崩齿等异常状态。若这些异常状态不能被及时发现并加以干预则会引起工件的报废,造成经济损失。本文通过金属正交切削模型结合拉削参数模拟仿真出拉削力的时域信号,通过快速傅里叶变换可将拉削力时域信号转化为拉削力频域信号。通过传递函数可以分别得出位移、速度、加速度频谱图。通过观察频谱图可以很明显的看到倍频信号。最后本文通过实验数据也观察到了同数值计算一样的倍频信号。同时通过对时域数据和频域数据的观察可以得出随着刀具磨损的增加,时域振幅以及频谱谐波幅值均会在一定程度上增加。通过对时域数据RMS值的统计、频域RMS值以及频域倍频幅值的统计,可得出相应的统计特征会随着刀具磨损的增加而增大。Broaching is a machining process that uses a toothed tool called a broach to remove material.As the number of broaching tools increases,abnormal conditions such as wear and chipping occur.If these abnormal states cannot be detected and intervened in time,it will cause the scrapping of the workpiece,resulting in economic losses.In this paper,the time domain signal of broaching force is simulated by combining the metal orthogonal cutting model and broaching parameters,and the time-domain signal of broaching force can be converted into a broaching force frequency domain signal by Fast Fourier transform.The transfer function can be used to obtain spectrum of displacement,velocity,and acceleration respectively.The tooth passing frequency signal can be clearly seen by looking at the spectrum.Finally,the tooth passing frequency signal of the same numerical calculation is observed through experimental data.At the same time,through the observation of time domain data and frequency domain data,it can be concluded that with the increase of tool wear,the time domain amplitude and spectrum harmonic amplitude will increase to a certain extent.Through the statistics of the RMS value of the time domain data,the frequency domain RMS value and the amplitude of tooth passing frequency,it can be concluded that the corresponding statistical characteristics will increase with the increase of tool wear.

关 键 词：拉削刀具 磨损 金属切削 傅里叶变换 倍频 

分 类 号：TH161.14[机械工程—机械制造及自动化]