高附加值煤气化渣基材料开发研究进展  

Research Progress on the Development of High-value-added Materials by Using Coal Gasification Slag

作　　者：李宇 王建敏 张弦 欧阳顺利[1] LI Yu;WANG Jianmin;ZHANG Xian;OUYANG Shunli(School of Materials and Metallurgy(Rare Earth Institute),Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology,Baotou 014000,Inner Mongolia,China;Department of Chemical Engineering,Ordos Institute of Technology,Ordos 017000,Inner Mongolia,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古科技大学材料与冶金学院(稀土学院),内蒙古包头014000 [2]鄂尔多斯应用技术学院化学工程系,内蒙古鄂尔多斯017000

出　　处：《材料导报》2023年第23期90-101,共12页Materials Reports

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(11964025,11564031);内蒙古自治区重大基础研究开放课题(0406091701);鄂尔多斯市科技合作重大专项(2021EEDSCXQDFZ015)。

摘　　要：煤气化渣是煤气化过程中产生的废渣,年增长量在3 000万t以上,利用率仅为8%左右。目前对煤气化渣的处置以填埋为主。本文着眼于煤气化渣利用难的问题,在充分探讨煤气化渣物化特性的基础上,综述了利用煤气化渣开发高附加值材料的研究进展。从制备方法、机理、产品性能及应用等方面对煤气化渣开发吸附材料、陶瓷材料、胶凝材料、吸波材料展开了讨论,分析了目前煤气化渣开发材料过程中存在的问题及机遇。煤气化渣在开发材料过程中,要充分利用其在高温气化过程中形成的多孔、高活性的硅碳基体,在强化碳灰分离基础上进行组分转化与改性,注重有机-无机的协同利用和工艺技术的耦合,形成以规模化消纳-废渣液回收为基础,以开发区别于其他固废的材料为特色的整体利用技术方案。Coal gasification slag is a waste product of coal gasification,although more than 30 million tons of this slag is produced annually,its utilization rate is only approximately 8%.At present,coal gasification slag is disposed of mainly through landfilling.This review summarizes recent work on the utilization of coal gasification slag for the preparation of high-value-added materials and discusses its physical and chemical properties.In particular,the preparation,mechanism,and performance of adsorption materials,ceramic materials,cementitious materials,and electromagnetic wave-absorbing materials produced using coal gasification slag are discussed.In addition,current challenges and opportunities in the development of materials from coal gasification slag are summarized.In the development of materials from coal gasification slag,it is important to fully utilize the porous and highly active carbon-silicon matrix formed during high-temperature gasification,through fractionation,transformation,and modification.Simultaneously,in component separation,classification,and transformation,the synergistic utilization of organic and inorganic components of coal gasification slag and the coupling of process technology should be considered.Thus,an overall technological scheme for the utilization of coal gasification slag,different from those used for other solid wastes,must be developed.

关 键 词：煤气化渣 吸附材料 陶瓷材料 吸波材料 

分 类 号：TD98[矿业工程—选矿]