细尾砂在矿山充填应用中关键工艺与材料的研究进展  

Research on Crucial Technological and Material Issues of ApplyingFine Tailings to Mine Filling:a Review

作　　者：张雷 郭利杰 许文远 魏晓明 ZHANG Lei;GUO Lijie;XU Wenyuan;WEI Xiaoming(BGRIMM Technology Group,Beijing 100160,China;National Centre for International Research on Green Metal Mining,Beijing 102628,China)

机构地区：[1]矿冶科技集团有限公司,北京100160 [2]国家金属矿绿色开采国际联合研究中心,北京102628

出　　处：《材料导报》2023年第23期102-112,共11页Materials Reports

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFE0102900);矿冶科技集团有限公司青年创新基金(04-2123)。

摘　　要：尾砂是矿山选厂将矿石磨细提取有价元素后排放的固体废弃物,选矿回收率的提高导致选厂产生的尾砂粒度越来越细。利用细尾砂作为骨料与胶凝材料混合回填采空区,是矿山实现其大宗量消纳处置的重要途径。然而,细尾砂自身粒度细、渗透性差的特点导致矿山充填中存在浆体沉降浓缩困难、采场脱水效率低以及充填体强度发展缓慢的问题。近年来,超级絮凝理论、高效絮凝剂的研究与开发,以及深锥浓密机的推广应用,实现了细尾砂高效浓缩脱水;柱塞泵、减阻剂的使用从工艺和材料方面推动了细尾砂膏体物料长距离输送技术问题的解决;细尾砂胶凝材料的开发在提高充填体强度、降低充填成本方面的潜力巨大。本文从细尾砂物化性质分析出发,梳理了细尾砂在矿山充填中存在的问题,总结了国内外细尾砂充填关键技术与材料的研究进展,并对细尾砂充填的发展趋势进行了展望。Mine tailings are the solid waste discharged during mineral processing to extract valuable elements.To achieve a higher recovery rate of valuable elements,the development of mineral processing technology has led to the particle size of produced mine tailings becoming finer.Utilizing fine tailings and cementitious material for backfill purposes is essential for the mine to mitigate its surface tailings disposal.However,due to the fine particle size and poor permeability of the fine tailings,there are still problems in fine tailings backfill,such as the difficulty of tailings concentration,the low dewatering efficiency of backfill slurry in the stope,and the slow accumulation of the backfill strength.In recent years,the research of super-flocculation theory,the exploration of high-efficiency flocculant and the popularization and application of deep-cone thickener have achieved efficient concentration and dehydration of fine tailings.The use of plunger pumps and superplasticizers have solved the technical problems of long-distance transportation of fine tailings paste materials.In addition,the research of cementitious material for fine tailings has great potential to improve the backfill strength and reduce the backfill cost.This paper combs and analyzes the physical and chemical properties of fine tailings from various mines,summarizes the current industrial problems engineers face for fine tailings backfill,and the research progress of the critical technologies and materials of fine tailings backfill at home and abroad.Finally,the paper further discussed the potential development and research areas of mine backfill technologies using fine tailings.

关 键 词：细尾砂 分级利用 浓缩脱水 泵压输送 细尾砂胶凝材料 

分 类 号：TD8[矿业工程—矿山开采]