火场条件下常用电缆产烟特征及烟气毒性分析  

Analysis of Smoke Generation Characteristics and Smoke Toxicity of Commonly Utilized Cables under Fire Conditions

作　　者：王之琦 何豪 朱家哲 黄冬梅 WANG Zhiqi;HE Hao;ZHU Jiazhe;HUANG Dongmei(College of Quality&Safety Engineering,China Jiliang University,Hangzhou 310018,China)

机构地区：[1]中国计量大学质量与安全工程学院,浙江杭州310018

出　　处：《安全与环境工程》2023年第6期17-22,54,共7页Safety and Environmental Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(51976205);浙江省自然科学基金项目(LQ20E060007)。

摘　　要：为分析火场条件下常用电缆的产烟特征及烟气毒性,采用NBS烟密度试验箱和傅里叶红外分析仪联用装置开展了模拟火场条件下常用电缆的热解燃烧试验研究,对不同外加热辐射强度作用下不同类型和规格电缆的质量损失速率、烟气比光密度、烟气产物及烟气毒性进行了分析。结果表明:高外加热辐射强度作用下,电缆燃烧的产烟量明显增大,其质量损失速率随外加热辐射强度的增加呈线性增加;火场条件下,ZR-YJV电缆具有更大的火灾危害性,主要表现在其具有较大的烟气比光密度和较高的CO、CO_(2)气体生成速率等方面;规格较小的电缆产烟速率更快,但差异性不显著;电缆燃烧还会产生SO_(2)、NO_(2)等强烈刺激性气体,其浓度均小于CO、CO_(2)气体,但仍然超过其职业接触限值,可能会对人体造成伤害。To analyze the smoke characteristics and smoke toxicity of commonly used cables under fire conditions,a pyrolysis combustion test of commonly used cables under simulated fire conditions is conducted using the NBS smoke density test box and Fourier infrared analyzer.The study analyzes the mass loss rate,smoke specific optical density,smoke products and smoke toxicity of different types and specifications of cables under different external heat radiation intensities.The results show that under high external heat radiation intensity,the smoke production of the cables significantly increases,and the mass loss rate increases linearly with the increase of external heat radiation intensity.Under fire conditions,ZR-YJV cables have greater fire hazards,which is mainly manifested in higher smoke specific optical density and higher CO and CO_(2) gas generation rates.Smaller cables have faster smoke production rates,but the differences are not significant.Cable combustion also produces strong irritant gases such as SO_(2) and NO_(2),with concentrations lower than CO and CO_(2) gas,but still exceeding their occupational exposure limits,which may cause harm to the human body.

关 键 词：电缆火灾 产烟特征 烟气毒性 火场条件 热解燃烧试验 

分 类 号：X932[环境科学与工程—安全科学] TM75[电气工程—电力系统及自动化]