室内步行街火灾烟气温度和蔓延速度的试验研究  

Experimental Investigation on Smoke Temperature and Movement Velocity in Indoor Pedestrian Street Fire

作　　者：蔡碧合 王辉 焦澳 郭筱莹 陈健 张梅红 丘华生[7] 郑春林 范传刚 CAI Bihe;WANG Hui;JIAO Ao;GUO Xiaoying;CHEN Jian;ZHANG Meihong;QIU Huasheng;ZHENG Chunlin;FAN Chuangang(Yanguo(Xiamen)Science and Technology Co.,Ltd..,Xiamen 361101,China;Fujian Construction Engineering Group Co.,Ltd.,Fuzhou 350001,China;School of Civil Engineering,Central South University,Changsha 410075,China;Fujian Provincial Institute of Architectural Design and Research Co.,Ltd.,Fuzhou 350001,China;China Academy of Building Research,Beijing 100020,China;Xiamen Fire and Rescue Detachment,Xiamen 361012,China;China Construction Fourth Engineering Division Co.,Ltd..,Guangzhou 510665,China;Straits Construction Engineering Group Co.,Ltd.,Fuzhou 350001,China)

机构地区：[1]衍菓(厦门)科技有限公司,福建厦门361101 [2]福建建工集团有限责任公司,福建福州350001 [3]中南大学土木工程学院,湖南长沙410075 [4]福建省建筑设计研究院有限公司,福建福州350001 [5]中国建筑科学研究院有限公司,北京100020 [6]厦门市消防救援支队,福建厦门361012 [7]中国建筑第四工程局有限公司,广东广州510665 [8]海峡建工集团有限公司,福建福州350001

出　　处：《安全与环境工程》2023年第6期23-32,共10页Safety and Environmental Engineering

基　　金：福建省科技计划项目(2019Y3002)。

摘　　要：室内步行街内可燃物众多、人员密集,又存在特殊的狭长结构,一旦发生火灾,往往会导致建筑内局部温度急剧升高,同时火灾产生的高温烟气会快速在整个建筑内蔓延且难以排出,极易造成大规模的人员伤亡和财产损失。通过全尺寸火灾试验研究了4种不同机械排烟模式下室内步行街火灾烟气温度和蔓延速度的变化规律。结果表明:房间内天花板下方火灾烟气温升随时间的变化存在明显的稳定阶段,该稳定阶段在点火后的出现时间与机械排烟模式、火灾烟气蔓延方向以及距火源的距离有关;机械排烟系统的开启对房间内通风控制火灾燃烧的促进作用大于对火灾烟气的冷却作用,进而使火灾烟气温度升高;机械排烟系统对火灾烟气蔓延速度有限制作用,但不同方向火灾烟气蔓延速度的变化需要综合考虑机械排烟模式、排烟口的位置以及火源功率的变化;现有的挡烟垂壁设置难以有效限制火灾烟气的蔓延速度,需要进行改进以保障人员的安全疏散。There are many combustible goods,crowds,and special narrow and long structures in an indoor pedestrian street.Once a fire occurs,it often leads to a sharp rise in local temperature in the building.Meanwhile,the high-temperature smoke generated by the fire spreads rapidly throughout the building and is difficult to discharge,which is easy to cause heavy casualties and enormous losses.This paper investigates the variation laws of smoke temperature and movement velocity of indoor pedestrian street fire under four mechanical smoke exhaust modes by full-scale fire experiments.The results show that there is an obvious stable stage in the evolution of the fire smoke temperature rise below the room ceiling with time.The occurrence time of the stable stage after ignition is related to the activation mode of the mechanical smoke exhaust system,the direction of smoke spread and the distance from the fire source.The promotion of opening the mechanical smoke exhaust system on the combustion of fire is stronger than the cooling effect on the smoke in the room,which leads to the enhancement of smoke temperature.The fire smoke movement velocity is restricted by using the mechanical smoke exhaust system,but the change of smoke movement velocity in different directions is supposed to take the mechanical smoke exhaust mode,the position of smoke vent,and the heat release rate of fire source into account.The current smoke barrier cannot restrict the fire smoke movement velocity effectively,and it should be improved to ensure the safety of evacuation.

关 键 词：室内步行街火灾 烟气温度 烟气蔓延速度 机械排烟系统 全尺寸火灾试验 

分 类 号：X932[环境科学与工程—安全科学] TU998.1[建筑科学—市政工程]