基于生态视角的我国地下水水源地开发与保护:现状、问题与展望  

Development and Protection of Groundwater Resource Areas in China from Ecological Perspective:Present Situation,Problems and Prospects

作　　者：周永柱[1] 刘锐 马腾 陈娟 ZHOU Yongzhu;LIU Rui;MA Teng;CHEN Juan(Hebei Geological Workers'University,Shijiazhuang 050081,China;China Institute of Geo-Environment Monitoring,Beijing 100081,China;School of Environmental Studies,China University of Geosciences(Wuhan),Wuhan 430078,China;Hebei Geological Environment Monitoring Institute,Shijiazhuang 050000,China)

机构地区：[1]河北地质职工大学,河北石家庄050081 [2]中国地质环境监测院,北京100081 [3]中国地质大学(武汉)环境学院,湖北武汉430078 [4]河北省地质环境监测院,河北石家庄050000

出　　处：《安全与环境工程》2023年第6期224-232,共9页Safety and Environmental Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41630318)。

摘　　要：地下水是宝贵的水资源,又是重要的生态环境因子,我国因地下水水源地开发与保护不当引发了一系列的生态环境地质问题。从保护地下水水源地生态安全的角度出发,介绍了科学划分地下水水源地保护区及评价地下水可开采量的方法,总结了地下水水源地潜在污染源识别及原位修复技术的研究进展。提出了应基于生态水位合理评价地下水可开采量,充分考虑生态脆弱性并建立地下水水源地生态脆弱保护区;应加强地下水水源地生态安全的预防性和保护性工作,识别地下水的潜在污染源,完善污染物的生态风险评价和地下水水质的监测预警机制,建设地下水水源地生态保护工程;应使用生态环境友好型地下水污染修复技术,防止修复过程对地下水造成次生污染。该研究为保障我国地下水水源地的供水安全和生态安全提供了基础和借鉴。Groundwater is a valuable resource and important ecological environment factor.A series of ecological and environmental geological problems have arisen due to the improper development and protection of groundwater sources in China.For protecting the ecological security of groundwater source areas,this paper introduces the methods of scientific division of protection zones and evaluation of exploitable quantity,and summarizes the research progress of identification of potential pollution sources and in-situ remediation technology in groundwater source areas.It is proposed that the exploitable amount of groundwater should be reasonably evaluated based on the ecological water level,and the ecological vulnerability should be fully considered for establishing ecological fragile protection zone;the preventive and protective work of ecological security in groundwater source areas should be strengthened and potential pollution sources of groundwater should be identified;the ecological risk assessment of pollutants and the monitoring and warning system of water quality should be improved,and ecological protection projects in groundwater source areas should be built.Eco-friendly groundwater pollution remediation technology should be used to prevent secondary pollution during remediation,which provides a basis and reference for ensuring water supply and ecological security of groundwater source areas in China.

关 键 词：地下水水源地 生态视角 可开采量 地下水污染防治 

分 类 号：X37[环境科学与工程—环境工程] P641[天文地球—地质矿产勘探]