再说“才将”  

Restudy of“Caijiang”

作　　者：王宝红[1] WANG Baohong(School of Chinese Language and Literature,Xizang Minzu University,Xianyang 712000,Shaanxi,China)

机构地区：[1]西藏民族大学文学院,陕西咸阳712000

出　　处：《咸阳师范学院学报》2023年第5期55-60,共6页Journal of Xianyang Normal University

基　　金：西藏民族大学教学改革与研究重点项目(2022519)。

摘　　要：在现代汉语方言里,“才将”用作时间副词,表示行动或情况发生在不久以前,相当于普通话的“刚、刚刚、刚才”等词。“才将”见用于多个方言,同时并用的,有其逆序词“才将”、单音词“将”及其重叠形式等。在表示“刚才”这一意义上,一些方言里“才将(将才、将)”等词与普通话的“刚才(才刚、刚)”等词构成两个同义词系列。对于“才将”之“将”与“刚才”之“刚”的语音及语义关系,学界有不同的看法。梳理“才将(将才、将)”等词在近代文献及现代方言中的用例,结合“刚”的语法化过程及副词“将”的近过去时的用法,认为在表示“刚才”义上,因“才将”类词与“刚才”类词发生语义重叠,所以出现两种写法混用的情形。其实,“才将”“刚才”两类词各有其来源,“将”“刚”二字之间不存在音义上的分化关系。In modern Chinese dialects,“caijiang”is used as an adverb of time,indicating that an action or situation that happened not long ago,equivalent to the Mandarin words“just,just now,a moment ago”.It is used in several dialects,including its inverse-order words“jiangcai”,the monophthong“jiang”and its overlapping forms.In the sense of“just now”,words such as“caijiang(jiangcai,jiang)”and“gangcai(caigang,gang)”in Mandarin form two series of synonyms in some dialects.There are different opinions in the academic circles about the phonological and semantic relationship between“caijiang”and“gang”in“just now”.The academic community has different views on the phonological and semantic relationship between After combing the examples of“caijiang(jiangcai,jiang)”and other words in modern literature and modern dialects,and taking into account the process of grammaticalization of“gang”and the near-past tense usage of the adverb“jiang”,it is believed that“gang”(just now)has a different phonological and semantic relationship with“gang”(just now)in the modern dialect.In the sense of“just now”,it is believed that the semantic overlap between“jiangcai”and“gangcai”has led to the mixing of the two styles of writing.In fact,the words“caijiang”and“gangcai”have their own origins,and there is no phonetic or semantic differentiation between the words“jiang”and“gang”.There is no phonological differentiation between the words“jiang”and“gang”.

关 键 词：才将 刚才 音义关系 文白异读 汉语方言 

分 类 号：H172.2[语言文字—汉语]