2021年十大孔兑区域土壤侵蚀空间分布特征  

Spatial distribution characteristics of soil erosion in the Ten Kongduis in 2021

作　　者：于海云[1] 覃湘栋 庞治国[2,3] 王志军 付俊娥[2,3] YU Haiyun;QIN Xiangdong;Pang Zhiguo;WANG Zhijun;FU June(Inner Mongolia Technical College of Mechanics and Electrics,Hohhot 010070,China;China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research,Beijing 100038,China;Research Center on Flood and Drought Reduction of the Ministry of Water Resources,Beijing 100038,China;Water Conservancy Affairs and Development Center of Inner Mongolia,Hohhot 010020,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古机电职业技术学院,内蒙古呼和浩特010070 [2]中国水利水电科学研究院,北京100038 [3]水利部防洪抗旱减灾工程技术研究中心,北京100038 [4]内蒙古自治区水利事业发展中心,内蒙古呼和浩特010020

出　　处：《中国水利水电科学研究院学报（中英文）》2023年第6期546-556,共11页Journal of China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51779269);水利部水利技术示范项目(SF-202001)。

摘　　要：土壤侵蚀是内蒙古自治区十大孔兑区域最严重的环境问题之一。为该区域生态环境的健康发展,本研究基于多源数据结合多种土壤侵蚀模型对2021年十大孔兑区域的土壤侵蚀做出评估,评估结果显示:2021年十大孔兑区域土壤侵蚀面积为4398.85 km^(2),占区域总土地面积的40.86%,其中轻度、中度、强烈、极强烈和剧烈等级的土壤侵蚀面积分别为2614.38 km^(2)、1328.74 km^(2)、276.29 km^(2)、194.45 km^(2)和40.15 km^(2),区域整体以中度和轻度侵蚀为主。基于评估结果本研究总结了十大孔兑区域土壤侵蚀的空间分布特点,并综合多因素对侵蚀特征进行分析,最终得到如下结论:(1)十大孔兑区域的水力侵蚀离散分布于孔兑上游,这是由地形地貌、植被覆盖等多个因素共合同作用导致的,其中地形地貌对侵蚀分布的影响相对较大;(2)十大孔兑区域的风力侵蚀聚集分布于孔兑中下游,中游的库布齐沙漠是孔兑中风力侵蚀最为严重的区域,风力侵蚀的分布受到土地利用类型和植被覆盖的影响较大;(3)十大孔兑区域的土壤侵蚀集中在达拉特旗、东胜区和杭锦旗境内,但由于各县区部分覆盖的侵蚀地貌不同,各县区在水力和风力侵蚀面积占比上有很大差异。Soil erosion is one of the most serious environmental problems in the Ten Kongduis of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.For the healthy development of ecological environment in this region,this study evaluated the soil erosion of the Ten Kongduis in 2021 based on multi-source data and multiple soil erosion models.The evaluation results show that the soil erosion area of the Ten Kongduis in 2021 is 4398.85km^(2),accounting for 40.86%of the total land area of the region.The areas of minute,moderate,intense,extremely intense and severe soil erosion are 2614.38km^(2),1328.74km^(2),276.29km^(2),194.45km^(2)and 40.15km^(2),respectively.The soil erosion in this area is mainly of moderate and minute grade.Based on the evaluation results,this study summarized the spatial distribution characteristics of soil erosion in the Ten Kongduis,and analyzed the erosion characteristics by integrating multiple factors,and finally reached the following conclusions:(1)The water erosion in the Ten Kongduis is distributed discretely in the upper reaches of the Ten Kongduis,which is caused by the combined effects of many factors such as landform and vegetation cover,among which the landform has a greater influence on the erosion distribution.(2)Wind erosion is concentrated in the middle and lower reaches of the Ten Kongduis,and the Kubuqi desert in the middle reaches of the Ten Kongduis is the most serious area of wind erosion,and the distribution of wind erosion is greatly affected by land use type and vegetation cover.(3)The soil erosion in the Ten Kongduis is concentrated in Dalat Banner,Dongsheng District and Hangjin Banner.Due to the different erosion landforms covered by parts of each county,there are great differences in the proportion of water and wind erosion area.

关 键 词：土壤侵蚀 中国水土流失方程(CLSE) 侵蚀模型 植被覆盖 土地利用 十大孔兑 

分 类 号：S157.1[农业科学—土壤学]