宪法环境权的行政诉讼可诉性:法国模式与中国路径  

Administrative Judiciability of Constitutional Environmental Rights:French Model and Chinese Path

作　　者：李琴 LI Qin(School of Law,Zhejiang University of Technology,Hangzhou 310014,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江工业大学法学院,浙江杭州310014

出　　处：《浙江工商大学学报》2023年第5期166-180,共15页Journal of Zhejiang Gongshang University

基　　金：司法部专项课题“宪法环境权可诉性研究——以法国司法实践为中心”(22SFB5064);国家社会科学基金重大项目“中华法系与中华法律文化问题研究”(20@ZH038)。

摘　　要：可诉性是证成宪法环境权基本权利属性的必要条件之一。在“法律屏障理论”的框架下,法国最高行政法院在“鸟类保护同盟案”等判例中,将《环境宪章》与法律结合审查法令,使宪法环境权具有“结合可诉性”;在“安纳西市镇案”等案例中认为具体化法律缄默时,《环境宪章》具有直接审查法令的附条件“单独可诉性”;在“独立基因工程研究与信息委员会案”等判例中越过法律或依据《环境宪章》废除法律,使宪法环境权具有“单独可诉性”。至此,最高行政法院证成了宪法环境权在行政诉讼中具有可诉性的论断,填补了宪法委员会违宪审查后劲不足的缺陷。我国亦可在行政诉讼中建立相应的诉讼理路,但针对宪法环境权固有的内涵模糊缺陷以及行政法院进入违宪审查领地的尝试,应持高度谦抑的立场。Judiciability is one of the necessary conditions for proving that environmental rights are fundamental constitutional rights.Within the framework of the“legal barrier theory”,the Conseil d Etat has established“combined judiciability”with Environmental Charter for constitutional environmental rights in cases such as the Bird Protection League case.While in cases such as the Municipality of Annecy case,it held that the Environmental Charter has conditional“separate judiciability”.In cases such as the Independent Genetic Engineering Research and Information Commission case,the constitutional rights of the repeal of laws in Environmental Charter have been made“separately judiciability”.Thus,the Conseil d Etat has confirmed the assertion that constitutional environmental rights are judiciability in administrative proceedings and filled the gap left by the insufficient review of the Constitutional Council.In China,we can also set up corresponding litigation paths in administrative litigations.However,when addressing the inherent shortcomings of the constitutional environmental rights and the attempts by administrative courts to enter the territory of unconstitutional review in the application process,a highly restrained stance should be proposed.

关 键 词：宪法环境权 可诉性 法国行政法院 《环境宪章》 法律屏障理论 

分 类 号：D922.68[政治法律—环境与资源保护法学]