婚姻支付对老年劳动参与的影响--基于CHARLS数据的实证研究  

The Impact of Marriage Payment on the Labor Participation of the Elderly in China:An Empirical Study Based on CHARLS Data

作　　者：穆怀中[1] 姚文 MU Huai-zhong;YAO Wen(School of Public Management,Liaoning university,Shenyang,110136,China)

机构地区：[1]辽宁大学公共管理学院,沈阳110036

出　　处：《西北人口》2023年第6期1-13,共13页Northwest Population Journal

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点项目:“新三支柱‘橄榄型’可持续发展养老制度优化与设计”(71731007);国家社科基金重大项目:“中国人口老龄化对经济增长的影响路径与政策选择研究”(20&ZD097)。

摘　　要：2000年以来中国的婚姻支付占家庭支出的比重大幅上升,在终生预算约束条件下,婚姻支付上升会对老年人的劳动参与选择产生直接影响。文章采用跨期分析方法构建老年劳动参与选择模型,并使用中国健康与养老追踪调查(CHARLS)2018年数据实证检验婚姻支付对老年劳动参与的影响。研究发现:(1)婚姻支付对老年人的劳动参与率及劳动参与时长存在显著正向影响,在考虑内生性问题并进行稳健性检验后结论依然成立;(2)婚姻支付对老年劳动参与的影响存在城乡、性别、年龄及家庭固定资产水平异质性;(3)婚姻支付与老年劳动参与之间存在平缓的“倒U型”关系,这可能与老年人的财富水平相关;(4)养老金水平、健康状况与婚姻支付对老年劳动参与的影响存在交互效应。研究结论表明,婚姻支付在普遍增加老年人劳动参与的基础上,还显著促进了“弱势”老年人的劳动参与,包括:农村、女性、高龄、低财富水平及低健康水平的老年人。在理论和实证分析基础上,提出防止婚姻支付过快上涨,完善老年劳动力市场,加强兜底性社会保障建设等促进婚姻支付与老年劳动参与双向协调发展的政策建议。Marriage payment in China has increased dramatically since 2000,accounting for an increasing proportion of household expenditure.Under the condition of lifetime budget constraint,the rise of marriage payment will have a di-rect impact on the labor participation choice of the elderly.In this paper,an intertemporal analysis method is used to construct a labor participation selection model for the elderly,and the 2018 data of China Health and Retirement Longi-tudinal Survey is used to empirically test the impact of marriage payment on labor participation for the elderly.The re-sults show that:(1)Marriage payment has a significant positive impact on the labor participation rate and labor partici-pation hours of the elderly.The conclusion is still valid after considering the endogenous problem and conducting the ro-bustness test.(2)The effects of marriage payment on the labor participation of the elderly are heterogeneous in urban and rural areas,gender,age and the level of family fixed assets.(3)There is a flat“inverted U-shaped”relationship between marriage payment and labor participation of the elderly,which may be related to the wealth level of the elder-ly.(4)Pension level,health status and marriage payment have interactive effects on the elderly labor participation.The conclusion of the study shows that,on the basis of increasing the labor participation of the elderly in general,mar-riage payment also significantly promotes the labor participation of the“vulnerable”elderly people,including:rural,female,elderly,low wealth and low health.On the basis of theoretical and empirical analysis,this paper puts forward some policy suggestions to prevent the excessive increase of marriage payment,improve the labor market for the elder-ly,strengthen the construction of social security to promote the two-way coordinated development of marriage payment and labor participation for the elderly.

关 键 词：婚姻支付 老年劳动参与 劳动参与率 劳动参与时长 

分 类 号：C913.6[经济管理]