人口流动研究进展:测度方法、影响因素与经济社会影响  

Research Progress on Population Mobility:Measurement Methods,Influencing Factors and Economic and Social Impacts

作　　者：刘建国 丁杨 薛丹阳 LIU Jian-guo;DING Yang;XUE Dan-yang(School of Economics,Lanzhou University of Finance and Economics,Lanzhou Gansu 730020,China;School of Economics,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou Gansu 730000,China)

机构地区：[1]兰州财经大学经济学院,兰州730020 [2]兰州大学经济学院,兰州730000

出　　处：《西北人口》2023年第6期73-85,共13页Northwest Population Journal

基　　金：甘肃省科技计划项目(软科学专项)“省会城市宜居性与劳动力流入的耦合协调发展机制与对策研究”(22JR4ZA069);兰州财经大学2021年度重点科研项目“碳达峰、碳中和视域下人口年龄结构与经济集聚影响环境的机制及其对策研究”(Lzufe2021B-007);甘肃省卫生健康行业科研管理项目“新时期甘肃省人均期望寿命评估模型研究”(项目编号:GSWSKY2021-048)。

摘　　要：人口流动和迁移是改革开放以来我国经济社会发展特别是城市化过程中出现的重要现象。随着城市化进程加快与户籍限制放松,我国人口流动规模大幅增长,以人口流动为核心议题的研究也日趋丰富。文章在阐述人口流动相关概念、理论演进和现状分析的基础上,从人口流动的测度方法及数据来源、影响因素及其经济社会影响等维度,较为系统地梳理了其研究进展。首先,目前我国人口流动规模和流动强度呈现持续增长趋势,流动方向发生显著变化,流动特征存在异质性。其次,已有研究主要基于问卷调查数据、大数据资源和利用辅助变量对人口流动规模进行测度。再次,人口流动的影响因素主要包括政府、个人、经济、社会和环境等五个方面,且存在单因素或多因素叠加的影响机制。最后,在区分人口流入地和流出地的基础上,分别从经济和社会两个维度,廓清了人口流动产生的经济社会影响。今后,政府应继续深化户籍制度改革,学界应积极开展相关研究,以推动人口合理流动,从而促进全国统一大市场建设及国内大循环的形成,助益我国经济社会高质量发展。Population mobility and migration are important phenomena in China’s economic and social development,especially in the process of urbanization,since the reform and opening up.With the accelerated urbanization and the re-laxation of household registration restrictions,the scale of population mobility in China has grown significantly,and the research on population mobility as a core issue has become increasingly abundant.Based on the concepts,theoretical evolution and analysis of the current situation of population mobility,this paper systematically compares the research progress of population mobility in terms of its measurement methods and data source,influencing factors,economic and social impacts.Firstly,the current scale and intensity of population mobility in China show a continuous growth trend,with significant changes in mobility direction and heterogeneity in mobility characteristics.Secondly,the existing stud-ies are mainly based on questionnaire survey data,big data resources and the use of auxiliary variables to measure the scale of population mobility.Once again,the influencing factors of population mobility mainly include five aspects:gov-ernment,personal,economic,social and environmental,and there are single-factor or multi-factor overlapping influ-ence mechanisms.Finally,the economic and social impacts of population mobility are outlined in two dimensions,eco-nomic and social,based on the distinction between the inflow and outflow of the population.In the future,the govern-ment should continue to deepen the reform of the household registration system,and the academia should actively con-duct relevant research to promote reasonable population mobility,thus facilitating the construction of a unified national market and the formation of a large domestic circulation,and contributing to the high-quality development of China’s economy and society.

关 键 词：人口流动 人口迁移 测度方法 影响因素 经济社会影响 

分 类 号：C922[社会学—人口学] F061.3