声速和声压同步测量实验的设计与实现  

Design and Realization of Simultaneous Measurement for Sound Velocity and Sound Pressure

作　　者：李冬 魏波 许岩 于砚廷 何传林 LI Dong;WEI Bo;XU Yan;YU Yanting;HE Chuanlin(Institute of Oceanographic Instrumentation,Qilu University of Technology(Shandong Academy of Sciences),Qingdao 266000,China;School of Ocean Technology Sciences,Qilu University of Technology(Shandong Academy of Sciences),Qingdao 266000,China)

机构地区：[1]齐鲁工业大学(山东省科学院)海洋仪器仪表研究所,青岛266000 [2]齐鲁工业大学(山东省科学院)海洋技术科学学院,青岛266000

出　　处：《实验科学与技术》2023年第5期23-26,43,共5页Experiment Science and Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(62171245);齐鲁工业大学校级教研项目科教融合专项(2020kjzx03,2020kjzx06)。

摘　　要：针对声速测量实验中多关注时间(相位)而忽略信号幅值的不足,依托常用的水声探测设备在水箱中搭建信号测量装置。利用示波器得到直达声的时间差和电压峰峰值,基于时差法的测量原理计算水中声速并进行电声转换,实现声速和声压的同步测量。结果表明声速和纯水中理论声速的相对误差为2.0%,声压级差和球面波声传播理论声压级差的相对误差约为6.0%。该实验设计加深了对声压、灵敏度等抽象概念的理解,训练了学生利用Excel进行数据处理的能力。In view of the deficiency of paying more attention to time(phase)and ignoring signal amplitude in the sound velocity measurement experiment,a signal measurement device was built in the water tank relying on the commonly used underwater acoustic detection equipment.The time difference and the peak value of voltage were obtained by oscilloscope,the sound velocity in water was calculated based on the measurement principle of time difference method,and the electroacoustic conversion was carried out to realize the synchronous measurement of sound velocity and sound pressure.The relative error between sound velocity calculation and theoretical sound velocity in pure water was 2.0%,and the relative error between sound pressure level calculation and theoretical sound propagation of spherical wave was about 6.0%.The experimental design deepens the understanding of abstract concepts such as sound pressure and sensitivity,and trains the students’ability to use Excel for data processing.

关 键 词：声速 声压 灵敏度 脉冲串 

分 类 号：O422.1[理学—声学]