燕京大学教师住宅园区建设史(1919—1952)  

A research on the construction of faculty residence of Yenching University(1919—1952)

作　　者：张易和 ZHANG Yi-he

机构地区：[1]北京大学历史学系,北京100871

出　　处：《北方论丛》2023年第6期141-156,共16页The Northern Forum

摘　　要：系统利用海外收藏的燕京大学英文档案,可还原燕大教师住宅区建设过程及其中的多方纠葛。住宅区规划与初期建设阶段,托事部、校方、建筑师与教师群体屡现分歧。托事部要求采取中式设计以便募捐,但校方聘请的美国建筑师希尔(Henry E.Hill)欠缺相关经验,既与茂飞爆发人事纷争,更引起教师们对中式住宅的抵制。司徒雷登坚持将选择权交给教师,化解了住宅形制“中西之争”,燕东园与燕南园西式建筑群落成。1926年迁校后,燕南园大规模扩建,中式建筑占据主流,住宅区形成“中西参半”格局。这既是由于新任建筑师桑德尔(Charles Thunder)成功改进设计方案、压低成本,也与范天祥等热爱中国文化的外国教师的努力密不可分,同时还带有校方节省经费、尊重中西生活习惯差异等考量。1937—1941年的“孤岛”时期,校方购置燕南园50号、镜春园与鸣鹤园,这主要是出于安全考虑,也进一步扩展了住宅区,奠定了今日北京大学校园地界。With systematic use of the archives of Yenching University,the construction process of residential compounds of Yenching University can be restored.In the planning and initial construction phase of the residential compounds,the trustees,the school,the architects and the teachers have repeatedly disagreed.Although the trustees prefer Chinese style residences,the architect Henry E.Hill was lack of relevant experience.Stuart gave the choice to teachers,and the foreign style buildings in the East Compound and South Compound were completed before Autumn 1926.After the school moved to the new address,the South Compound expanded on a large scale,Chinese style architecture became mainstream,and the residential compounds formed a pattern of“East and West”.This is because of the success of new architect Charles Thunder in improving the design of Chinese style residences,as well as the efforts of foreign teachers such as Bliss Wiant who love Chinese culture.The school also had considerations of saving money and respecting the differences between Chinese and Western living habits.During the"Isolated Island"period from 1937 to 1941,the school purchased residence No.50 and the Ching Ch’un Yuan,thus laid the foundation for today's Peking University campus.Then,the residence compounds suffered the destruction by the Japanese army,and experienced the post-war restoration,as well as the division and redistribution in 1950,leaving a rich legacy for Peking University.

关 键 词：燕京大学 教师住宅 司徒雷登 燕南园 镜春园 

分 类 号：TU2[建筑科学—建筑设计及理论]