非晶相电催化剂在电解水领域的研究进展  

Advances and insights in amorphous electrocatalyst towards water splitting

作　　者：王潇涵 田汉 余旭 陈立松 崔香枝 施剑林[2] Xiaohan Wang;Han Tian;Xu Yu;Lisong Chen;Xiangzhi Cui;Jianlin Shi(School of Chemistry and Materials Science,Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Hangzhou 310024,Zhejiang,China;State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure,Shanghai Institute of Ceramics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shanghai 200050,China;Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes,School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering,East China Normal University,Shanghai 200062,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院大学杭州高等研究院,化学与材料科学学院,浙江杭州310024 [2]中国科学院上海硅酸盐研究所,高性能陶瓷与超微结构国家重点实验室,上海200050 [3]华东师范大学化学与分子工程学院,上海市绿色化学与化工过程绿色化重点实验室,上海200062

出　　处：《Chinese Journal of Catalysis》2023年第8期5-48,共44页催化学报（英文）

基　　金：supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (52172110);the “Scientific and Technical Innovation Action Plan” China Science&Technology Cooperation Project of Shanghai Science and Technology Committee (21520760500);the “Super Postdoctoral Incentive Program” of Shanghai Municipal Human Resources and Social Security Bureau (2021411);Special Research Assistant Grant Project from Chinese Academy of Sciences

摘　　要：化石燃料短缺和环境污染引发了人们对可持续、清洁和高效新能源的关注.氢具有能量密度高、燃烧产物清洁等优点,是一种重要的能源载体,具有替代化石燃料的潜力.在各种制氢方法中,电解水制氢是获取高纯氢气的有效技术,其包含阴极析氢反应(HER)和阳极析氧反应(OER).为了实现高效的电化学水分解,需要使用高效的电催化剂以克服HER和OER的热力学势垒并降低制氢电耗.目前,广泛使用的HER和OER催化剂分别是Pt和RuO_(2)/IrO_(2)基金属或金属氧化物,该类贵金属催化剂的高成本和稀缺性严重限制了其在水分解制氢中的广泛应用.此外,金红石型RuO_(2)和IrO_(2)在阳极高电位下可溶于酸性和碱性电解质溶液中,致使催化活性下降,因此,亟需发展新型高效且稳定的电解水催化剂.相较于目前报道的晶相电解水催化剂材料,非晶相催化剂材料没有严格限定的晶体结构,并具有硬度低、比表面积大和化学稳定性好等优点,特别是其含有大量随机取向的化学键和表面暴露的缺陷,可以显著提高活性位点数量,优化反应物的吸脱附,因此在电催化领域具有良好的应用前景.自20世纪80年代末以来,一系列非晶相材料被成功制备出来且用于HER,OER和全解水中.考虑到当前非晶相电催化剂在电解水领域取得的进展,本综述对其合成方法、稳定策略、性能评估、机制探索和理论研究等进行了系统的总结.阐述了酸性和碱性条件下HER和OER的反应过程和机理,介绍了非晶电催化剂材料的制备方法,以及提升其稳定性的策略.重点介绍了含贵金属(Pt,Pd和Ir等)和非贵金属(Fe,Co,Ni和Mo等)基非晶态电催化剂在HER,OER和全解水中的性能评价,以及采用能带理论和第一性原理相结合阐述相应的电催化机理.深入讨论了当前非晶态电催化剂在电解水实际应用中遇到的关键问题,如非晶催化剂所面临的导电率低、稳定�Amorphous materials can markedly enhance the active site amount and optimize the adsorption and desorption of reactants owing to the special structural characteristics of large numbers of randomly oriented bonds and surface-exposed defects.Therefore,many amorphous electrocatalysts have emerged for effectively catalyzing water splitting.Considering the advancement of novel in‐situ techniques and theoretical density functional theory calculations,significant progress emerging in amorphous electrocatalysts for water splitting needs to be summarized urgently.Herein,the recent progress of amorphous catalyst materials in water splitting has been systematically reviewed,emphasizing key issues of synthesis methods,stabilization strategies,performance evaluation,mechanistic understanding,integrated experiments,and theoretical studies in water splitting,including hydrogen evolution reaction,oxygen evolution reaction,and overall water splitting.This study focuses on these topics to present the most updated results and the perspectives and challenges for the future development of amorphous electrocatalysts toward water splitting.

关 键 词：非晶相催化剂 缺陷工程 电解水 析氢反应 析氧反应 

分 类 号：O64[理学—物理化学]