温度设定对金属线胀系数影响的研究  

Study on the Effect of Setting Temperature on Linear Expansion Coefficient of Metal

作　　者：王博 刘云虎 杨坤 王雪燕 范婷 路彦冬 WANG Bo;LIU Yunhu;YANG Kun;WANG Xueyan;FAN Ting;LU Yandong(Shihezi University College of Science Key Laboratory of Eco-Physics,Shihezi,Xinjiang 832003;Shihezi University Office of Academic Affairs,Shihezi,Xinjiang 832003)

机构地区：[1]石河子大学理学院生态物理重点实验室,新疆石河子832003 [2]石河子大学教务处,新疆石河子832003

出　　处：《物理通报》2023年第12期118-121,共4页Physics Bulletin

基　　金：2022年高等学校教学研究项目,项目编号:DWJZW202217xb;2022年石河子大学教改项目,项目编号:JGY-2022-109.

摘　　要：实验分别采取持续升温(大间隔5℃)、持续升温(小间隔2℃)、设定升温(大间隔5℃)和设定升温(小间隔2℃)4种方法测定金属Al的线胀系数.从实验结果可知,持续升温法比设定升温法测定的金属Al线胀系数误差大,因为本实验加热系统具有热惯性和PID温控仪传感器滞后性,导致瞬时温度并不是实际温度.小间隔设定升温法获得的线胀系数比大间隔设定升温法测出的线胀系数要更精确,小间隔设定升温法的相对误差仅为0.25%,用最小二乘法拟合曲线与实验数据的拟合相似度为0.9998,拟合度非常高、耗时较短.故小间隔设定升温法适合本实验教学.In this experiment,the linear expansion coefficient of metal Al was determined by four methods:continuous temperature rise(5 degrees Celsius of large interval),continuous temperature rise(2 degrees Celsius of large interval),setting temperature rise(5 degrees Celsius of large interval)and setting temperature rise(2 degrees Celsius of large interval).It can be seen from the experimental results that the error of metal Al expansion coefficient measured by the continuous temperature rising method is larger than that measured by the setting temperature rising method,because the heating system in this experiment has thermal inertia and the hysteresis of PID temperature controller sensor,so the instantaneous temperature is not the actual temperature.The linear expansion coefficient obtained by the method of setting temperature with small intervals is more accurate than that measured by the method of[JP+1]setting temperature with large intervals.The relative error of the method of setting temperature with small intervals is only 0.25%.The fitting similarity between the curve and the experimental data by using the least square method is 0.9998,which is of high fitting degree and short time consuming.Therefore,the small interval setting temperature rise method is suitable for this experiment[JP]teaching.

关 键 词：线胀系数 千分表 温度设定法 PID温控仪 

分 类 号：TG113.222[金属学及工艺—物理冶金]