统计力学视域下的量子理论发展——从玻尔兹曼到普朗克  

The Development of Quantum Theory in the Perspective of Statistical Mechanics——From Boltzmann to Planck

作　　者：黄架栋 Huang Jiadong(School of History and Culture of Science,Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Shanghai 201100)

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学科学史与科学文化研究院,上海201100

出　　处：《物理通报》2023年第12期154-158,共5页Physics Bulletin

摘　　要：玻尔兹曼和普朗克分别是热力学和量子力学代表性人物,玻尔兹曼通过热力学第二定律演算出用以从微观世界解释宏观现象的统计力学公式,普朗克在得出了黑体辐射初步公式的基础上运用玻尔兹曼的统计力学方法,将微观概率应用到辐射能量的计算中,最终得出黑体辐射的完整公式同时发现了能量在辐射传递过程中的量子化规律,打破经典物理学认为的能量传递的连续性传统观念,开创了量子力学的新物理时代.Boltzmann and Planck are the representative figures of thermodynamics and quantum mechanics respectively.Boltzmann derived the statistical mechanics formula for explaining macroscopic phenomena from the microscopic world through the second law of thermodynamics,and Planck used Boltzmann′s statistical mechanics method to apply microscopic probability to the calculation of radiation energy on the basis of the preliminary formula of blackbody radiation,and finally arrived at the complete formula of blackbody radiation and discovered the law of quantization of energy in the process of radiation transmission,which broke the traditional concept of continuity of energy transmission in classical physics and created a new physical era of quantum mechanics.

关 键 词：统计力学 黑体辐射 运动规律 量子化 

分 类 号：O413-09[理学—理论物理]