东黄海日本鲭资源和群体结构的年代际变化研究  

Study on the inter-decadal changes of resources and population structure of Scomber japonicus in the East China Sea and Y ellow Sea

作　　者：李建生[1,2] 严利平 张辉[1,2] LI Jiansheng;YAN Liping;ZHANG Hui(East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Shanghai 200090,China;Key Laboratory of East China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Shanghai 200090,China)

机构地区：[1]中国水产科学研究院东海水产研究所,上海200090 [2]农业农村部东海渔业资源开发利用重点实验室,上海200090

出　　处：《海洋渔业》2023年第5期513-521,共9页Marine Fisheries

基　　金：国家重点研发计划“蓝色粮仓科技创新”重点专项(2020YFD0900800);农财专项-东海近海渔业资源调查(2020)。

摘　　要：为了解东黄海区域内日本鲭(Scomber japonicus)的资源动态,利用1980—2019年东黄海日本鲭渔业统计产量、机轮围网平均单位船组年产量(CPUE)和生物学测定数据,对该群体捕捞产量、资源量指数和群体结构之间的年代际变动关系进行了研究。结果表明:东黄海各年代日本鲭的平均产量以20世纪80年代最低,21世纪10年代最高为42.39×104 t,随着年代的推移表现出持续增加的趋势,其中东海区持续增加,黄渤海区先增加后降低。机轮围网平均CPUE前期在波动中上升,至1999年达到高峰值3776.00 t·单位船组^(-1),其后呈下降的趋势;20世纪80年代为1954.60 t·单位船组^(-1),20世纪90年代升高至2839.80 t·单位船组^(-1),21世纪00年代又急剧降低至1701.10 t·单位船组^(-1),21世纪10年代继续降低为1372.00 t·单位船组^(-1)。日本鲭的平均叉长、平均体质量和优势叉长组均随年代的推移表现出持续减小的趋势:平均叉长从1982年的337.15 mm减小为2009年的309.67 mm,到2019年再继续减小至265.90 mm;平均体质量从1982年的547.21 g减小为2009年425.55 g,其后到2019年又减小至226.40 g;优势叉长组从1982年的320~360 mm减小为2009年的290~330 mm,然后到2019年继续减小至250~280 mm。20世纪80—90年代,机轮围网平均CPUE可以作为指示日本鲭捕捞产量变化的依据,但21世纪以后已经不能作为判断日本鲭捕捞产量变化的依据。日本鲭捕捞产量维持在高位水平是捕捞强度的增加造成的,而非其自身资源量的增加所致。建议今后从科学层面建立日本鲭综合评价指数,合理评估资源量,在此基础上提出每年的最大可持续产量;渔业管理层面,建议在特定水域设立日本鲭种质资源保护区,同时制定针对日本鲭不同生长阶段的管理措施,尽快出台日本鲭总可捕量(total allowable catch,TAC)管理制度,达到资源可持续开发利用的目的。Scomber japonicus is one of the most important pelagic fishes along the coast of China.The resources in the East China Sea and Yellow Sea are relatively large,so it has become an important marine economic fish and a key fishing species in China.After the 1980s,with the decline of China’s demersal fish resources,the fishing output of Scomber japonicus,began to rise continuously.With the increase of fishing intensity,from the late 1990s,significant reduction in resources,Scomber japonicus in the East China Sea and Yellow Sea has shown a younger populations,and large fluctuations in catches.Purse seine operation is the most important operation method for Scomber japonicus fishing in the East China Sea and Yellow Sea in the 20th century.Its catch yield and average annual production per group vessel(CPUE)are closely related to the total annual catch of Scomber japonicus.The composition of the population structure of Scomber japonicus feeding stocks in autumn is of great significance to its resources and fishing yield.In order to understand the resource dynamics of Scomber japonicus and to provide scientific basis for reasonable assessment of Scomber japonicus resource in the East China Sea and Yellow Sea,and for determining the maximum sustainable yield and implementing TAC management,based on the fishery statistics,CPUE and biological data of Scomber japonicul in the East China Sea and Yellow Sea during 1980—2019,this paper presented a survey of the fishery yield of Scomber japonicus in the East China Sea and Yellow Sea,the inter-decadal variation of the catch yield,the resource index and the population structure were studied.The research results showed that the average yield of Scomber japonicus in the East China Sea and Yellow Sea was 13.09×10^(4) t in the 1980s and 42.39×10^(4) t in the 2010s,showing a continuous increase trend.The change trend of the fishing yield in the East China Sea is basically the same as that of the total yield in the East China Sea and Yellow Sea.It was less than 10×10^(4) t in the

关 键 词：东黄海 日本鲭 捕捞产量 群体结构 年代际变化 

分 类 号：S931[农业科学—渔业资源]