草畜平衡管理的立法困境及完善建议  

Legislative dilemmas and improvement suggestions regarding the grassland–livestock balance

作　　者：魏华[1] WEI Hua(School of Humanity and Social Science,Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学人文社会科学学院,北京100083

出　　处：《草业科学》2023年第11期2948-2955,共8页Pratacultural Science

基　　金：北京市社会科学基金项目“北京市土地‘确权确股(利)’方式的立法规制与司法救济”(18FXB012)。

摘　　要：草畜平衡管理是保护草原的重要措施,原《草畜平衡管理办法》(以下简称《办法》)被废止后,中央层面的具体制度内容存在空白,亟需补充相关制度依据。总结原《办法》和各地规定,草畜平衡管理面临法律依据缺位、草畜平衡内涵界定不清、草畜平衡标准制定的公众参与度不足、行政处罚方式和标准不统一等问题。未来立法应当坚持生态保护优先、兼顾牧民生产生活的原则,禁牧休牧、草畜平衡和生态补偿制度协调配合,转变草畜平衡管理理念。在具体制度设计上,应当提升规范层级,制定《草原禁牧休牧和草畜平衡管理条例》;界定管理对象,明确草畜平衡管理范围;增加听证制度,保障标准制定中的公众参与机制;明确补偿和处罚制度,优化激励和制裁措施。The grassland–livestock balance is a basic measure of grassland protection.As the measures of grassland–livestock balance have been abolished,it is necessary to enact a new statute to fill in the vacancy at central level.Analyzing the rules from the national and local regulations,this study summarized the shortcomings of these regulations,including that vacancy rules,ambiguous definition,insufficient public participation in the standard establishment process,and differentiated penalties in various regions.The legislators should insist on ecological priority,with due consideration given to the benefits of herdsmen,coordinate prohibition of grazing,grassland–livestock balance and eco-compensation,and convert the ideas of regulation.This study suggested specific contents as follows:Advancing the level of authority from the Departmental Rule to Administrative Regulation,redefining the scope of grass and livestock definition,adding hearing to implement public participation,and stipulating eco-compensation and penalties.

关 键 词：草畜平衡管理 行政法规 听证制度 行政处罚 

分 类 号：D922.64[政治法律—环境与资源保护法学] S812[政治法律—法学]