浅谈深海多金属硫化物采矿的环境影响和保护措施  

An overview on the environmental impact and protection measures of deep-sea polymetallic sulphide mining

作　　者：付全有 武光海 韩沉花 高发荣 FU Quanyou;WU Guanghai;HAN Chenhua;GAO Farong(Second Institute of Oceanography,Ministry of Natural Resources,Hangzhou 310012,China;Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem Dynamics,Ministry of Natural Resources,Hangzhou 310012,China;School of Automation,Hangzhou Dianzi University,Hangzhou 310018,China)

机构地区：[1]自然资源部第二海洋研究所,杭州310012 [2]自然资源部海洋生态系统动力学重点实验室,杭州310012 [3]杭州电子科技大学自动化学院,杭州310018

出　　处：《海洋地质前沿》2023年第12期1-11,共11页Marine Geology Frontiers

基　　金：浙江省重点研发项目(2021C03183);中国大洋协会专项课题(DY135-E2-1-01);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务专项资金项目(JG1521)。

摘　　要：深海矿产资源开发及其环境保护问题近年来重新成为一个研究热点。深海环境极其复杂,人类对深海生物及其生态系统的了解仍十分有限,而深海采矿不可避免会对海洋生态环境造成影响,如不加强对采矿环境影响的研究并制定相关的保护措施,未来的深海采矿对海洋环境的破坏将无法估量。本文从深海采矿发展由来、多金属硫化物矿区环境、深海采矿技术发展、采矿环境影响和保护措施等几方面全链条系统地梳理了前人的研究成果,提出了深海采矿环境影响评价的发展方向,从而为今后开展深海采矿环境监测与保护提供参考。The exploitation of deep-sea mineral resources and its environmental protection have become a research hotspot in recent years.The deep-sea environment is extremely complex and human’s understanding of deep-sea organisms and their ecosystems are still very limited,while deep-sea mining will inevitably cause damage to the marine ecological environment.If the research on the impact of mining on the environment is not strengthened and relevant protection measures are formulated,the damage to the marine environment from deepsea mining would be immeasurable in the future.Therefore,previous research results on the origin of deep-sea mining,the environment of polymetallic sulfide mining areas,the development of deep-sea mining technology,the impact of mining environment,and protection measures were studied systematically,and puts forward the development direction of deep-sea mining environmental impact assessment,so as to provide a reference for the monitoring and protection of deep-sea mining environment in the future.

关 键 词：多金属硫化物 深海采矿 环境影响 环境基线 参照区 生态阈值 

分 类 号：P736[天文地球—海洋地质] P744[天文地球—海洋科学]