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作 者:李佳慧 黄麟[3] 樊江文[3] LI Jia-hui;HUANG Lin;FAN Jiang-wen(State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System,Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation,Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China)
机构地区:[1]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,资源与环境信息系统国家重点实验室,北京100101 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,陆地表层格局与模拟重点实验室,北京100101
出 处:《草业学报》2023年第12期1-13,共13页Acta Prataculturae Sinica
基 金:第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究(2019QZKK0404)资助。
摘 要:草原是我国最大的陆地生态系统、重要的自然资源、人-草-畜社会生态系统的载体,然而仍有大面积草原存在不同程度的退化,亟待保护修复以提升质量、功能和稳定性。本研究利用生态价值核算作为一种监测和评估草原多重生态功能变化的有效途径,更新并分析了2000-2020年中国草原生态系统功能及其价值的地域分异特征,评价了草原核心生态价值的时空演变态势,并基于核心生态功能及价值变化方向和程度提出了分区分类的草原保护修复优化提升策略。结果表明:1)2020年,中国草原潜在生态价值约24.7万亿元,每km^(2)约760万元,以防风固沙(27.3%)和物种保育(25.8%)为主。2)近20年,超过90%草原的生态价值呈增长趋势,特别是青藏高原东部、黄土高原北部和内蒙古中部东部等。3)省域比较而言,蒙、藏、青、川、新的草原生态价值之和约占全国的67.4%,近20年增长较多的省域为陕西、北京、宁夏、天津与山西,增幅均超过65%。4)按照主导功能及价值动态趋势,可将中国草原区分为3种类别12种类型,应采取差异化的保护、修复或保护修复并重的措施,以实现草原可持续发展目标。As China’s largest terrestrial ecosystem and one of the important natural resources,grasslands provide a series of ecosystem services which contribute to human well-being.However,there are still wide expanses of grassland suffering from various degrees of degradation,and requiring urgent conservation and restoration action to improve their quality,function and stability.Accounting of grassland ecological value provides an effective means to monitor the changes in and assess the combined importance of multiple grassland ecosystem functions.This study analyzed the spatiotemporal evolution of grassland ecological value in China from 2000 to 2020.It then assessed the spatiotemporal dynamics of the value of key ecological services of grasslands,including windbreak and sand fixation,water conservation,forage supply and carbon sequestration.Next,adaptation strategies for optimizing and enhancing the grassland ecological value in China were proposed.It was found that in 2020,the ecological value of China’s grassland was 2.47×10^(4) billion CNY,and the value was 7.6 million CNY·km^(−2),among which the value per unit area of windbreak and sand fixation and species richness maintenance were relatively high,accounting for 27.3%and 25.8%of the total,respectively.In the past 20 years,more than 90%of China’s grassland area has shown an increasing trend in ecological value.This applies especially to grassland located on the eastern Qinghai Tibetan Plateau,the northern Loess Plateau,and the eastern and central parts of Inner Mongolia indicate a rapid growth.Moreover,the sum of grassland ecological values of Mongolia,Tibet,Qinghai,Sichuan and Xinjiang accounted for about 67.4%of China’s total ecological value.In the past 20 years,Shaanxi,Beijing,Ningxia,Tianjin,and Shanxi showed a relatively high growth rate in grassland ecological value(>65%).Finally,China’s grasslands were divided into three categories and twelve subcategories,based on grassland protection and restoration strategies focusing on different key ecolog
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