2021—2022年度黄河宁蒙河段凌情特性分析  

Analysis on characteristics of ice conditions in Ningxia-Inner Mongolia Reach of the Yellow River from 2021 to 2022

作　　者：胡一栋 郭卫宁[2] 张毅 沈延青 韩作强 HU Yidong;GUO Weining;ZHANG Yi;SHEN Yanqing;HAN Zuoqiang(Qinghai Huanghe Hydropower Development Co.,Ltd.,Xining 810000;Hydrology Bureau,YRCC,Zhengzhou 450004)

机构地区：[1]青海黄河上游水电开发有限责任公司,西宁810000 [2]黄河水利委员会水文局,郑州450004

出　　处：《中国防汛抗旱》2023年第11期52-56,共5页China Flood & Drought Management

基　　金：国家自然科学基金黄河水科学研究联合基金项目“黄河冰凌生消动力学演变机理及冰塞冰坝链生效应研究”(U2243221);青海黄河上游水电开发有限责任公司科技项目“龙羊峡水库冬季优化运用与宁蒙河段封河流量规律研究”(KY-C-2022-SD01)。

摘　　要：2021—2022年度凌汛期,黄河宁蒙河段凌情形势总体平稳,主要呈现出流凌期持续时间长、首封日期偏晚、封河流量偏大、封河长度偏短、槽蓄水增量偏少、开河时间偏早、开河凌峰较小等特点。从热力因素、水流动力因素、河道边界条件和水利工程调度4个方面分析了形成上述特点的主要原因。结果表明,气温整体较常年偏高,且偏高程度呈西高东低分布,是造成流凌期持续时间长、首封日期偏晚、封河长度偏短、开河时间偏早的主要原因;较大的封河流量和河道条件的持续改善,使凌汛期河道过流能力增强,在一定程度上抑制了槽蓄水增量的增加,造成槽蓄水增量偏少;科学合理的水利工程调度,为平稳封河、开河创造了有利条件,是做好防凌工作的重要措施。During the ice-flood season from 2021 to 2022,the ice conditions in Ningxia and Inner Mongolia reach of the Yellow River is generally stable,mainly characterized as follows:long duration of ice-run,late appearance of the first freezing-up date,large discharge of freezing-up,short length of freezing-up,small increment water storage,early break-up date and small ice flood peak.The main influencing factors of the above characteristics are analyzed from four aspects:thermaland hydrodynamicfactors,river boundary conditions and water regulation.The results show that:the main reason for long duration of ice-run,late appearance of the first freezing-up date,short length of freezing-up and early break-up date is that the overall temperature is higher than normal,and the distribution higher in the west and lower in the east;large discharge of freezing-up and continuous improvement of river channel conditions have enhanced the flow capacity during the ice flood season,which inhibited the increase of increment water storage in river channel to a certain extent,resulting in less increment water storage in river channel;the scientific and reasonable regulation of water projects has created favorable conditions for the steady freezingup and break-up,which is an important measure in ice prevention.

关 键 词：黄河宁蒙河段 凌情 气温 流量 河道条件 水利工程调度 

分 类 号：TV875[水利工程—水利水电工程] P339[天文地球—水文科学]