辣椒花药培养影响因素研究及再生植株倍性鉴定  

Influence Factors of Anther Culture and Ploidy Identification ofRegenerated Plants in Pepper

作　　者：程志芳[1] 史艳艳[1] 李丽[1] 韩娅楠[1] 董晓宇[1] 常晓轲 姚秋菊[1] CHENG Zhifang;SHI Yanyan;LI Li;HAN Ya’nan;DONG Xiaoyu;CHANG Xiaoke;YAO Qiuju(Institute of Vegetables,Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Zhengzhou 450002,China)

机构地区：[1]河南省农业科学院蔬菜研究所,河南郑州450002

出　　处：《河南农业科学》2023年第11期124-132,共9页Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：现代农业产业技术体系项目(CARS-24-G-15);河南省重点研发专项(221111110100);河南省农业科学院自主创新项目(2023ZC031);河南省农业科学院创新团队专项(2023TD34)。

摘　　要：为提高辣椒花药培养效率,以14个辣椒基因型为试材,探讨了不同质量浓度碳源组合、活性炭、硝酸银(Ag NO3)和植物生长调节剂组合4个因素对辣椒花药培养的影响。并对再生株系利用DNA流式细胞仪进行植株倍性鉴定。结果表明,参试14个基因型均可出胚,13个基因型成苗,其中,华之秀1号的出胚率和成苗率最高,分别为63.33%和23.88%;碳源以10 g/L蔗糖+20 g/L麦芽糖最佳;MS培养基中加入2 g/L活性炭和6 mg/L Ag NO3时辣椒花药培养效率最高,出胚率和成苗率最高分别为29.63%和15.20%;植物生长调节剂以1.000 mg/L 2,4-D+1.50 mg/L KT和0.001 mg/L 2,4-D+0.05 mg/L KT表现最佳,其中,1.000 mg/L 2,4-D+1.50 mg/L KT处理参试基因型最高出胚率和成苗率分别为63.33%和23.88%,而0.001 mg/L 2,4-D+0.05 mg/L KT处理参试基因型最高出胚率和成苗率分别为20.00%和10.54%。对383个再生株系进行倍性鉴定,发现279株单倍体、87株二倍体、2株三倍体、2株四倍体、1株混倍体(单倍体与二倍体)和12株非整倍体,单倍体和二倍体在再生植株群体中占比分别为72.85%、22.72%。辣椒花药培养再生植株自然加倍率较低,且同一花药诱导出的再生植株倍性通常一致。In order to improve the anther culture efficiency of pepper,14 genotypes of pepper were used as test materials to investigate the effects of different concentrations of carbon source combination,activated carbon,silver nitrate and hormone on anther culture of pepper.The ploidy of regenerated plants was determined by DNA flow cytometry.The results showed that all the 14 genotypes were able to develop embryos,and 13 genotypes were able to develop seedlings.Among them,the embryo rate and seedling rate of Huazhixiu No.1 were the highest,which were 63.33%and 23.88%,respectively.The best carbon source was 10 g/L sucrose+20 g/L maltose.When 2 g/L activated carbon and 6 mg/L AgNO3 were added to MS medium,the anther culture efficiency was the highest,and the highest embryo rate and seedling rate were 29.63%and 15.20%,respectively.The best plant growth regulators were 1.000 mg/L 2,4⁃D+1.50 mg/L KT and 0.001 mg/L 2,4⁃D+0.05 mg/L KT.The highest embryo rate and seedling formation rate of the genotypes treated by 1.000 mg/L 2,4⁃D+1.50 mg/L KT were 63.33%and 23.88%,respectively.The highest embryo rate and seedling rate of the genotypes treated by 0.001 mg/L 2,4⁃D+0.05 mg/L KT were 20.00%and 10.54%,respectively.The ploidy of 383 regenerated plants was determined.279 plants were haploid,87 plants were diploid,2 plants were triploid,2 plants were tetraploid,1 plant was mixed(haploid and diploid)and 12 plants were aneuploid.Haploid and diploid accounted for 72.85%and 22.72%respectively in the regenerated plant population.In conclusion,the natural doubling rate of regenerated plants in anther culture of pepper is low,and the ploidy of regenerated plants induced by the same anther is usually the same.

关 键 词：辣椒 花药培养 碳源 活性炭 AGNO3 植物生长调节剂 倍性鉴定 

分 类 号：S641.3[农业科学—蔬菜学]