黔中金荞麦提取物安全性评价及对大鼠肠道菌群的影响  

Safety Evaluation of Extracts of Fagopyrum dibotrys Qian Zhong andthe Effect on Intestinal Flora of Rats

作　　者：张涛[1] 周思旋 唐远江 陶小艳 卢昱希 杜春林 王鲁[2] 齐维金 郭云勋 浦同灿 ZHANG Tao;ZHOU Sixuan;TANG Yuanjiang;TAO Xiaoyan;LU Yuxi;DU Chunlin;WANG Lu;QI Weijin;GUO Yunxun;PU Tongcan(Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Research Institute,Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Guiyang 550005,China;Guizhou Provincial Biochemical Engineering Center,Guizhou University,Guiyang 550025,China;Aquaculture Development Center of Longli County,Qiannan Buyi and Miao Autonomous Perfecture,Guizhou Province,LongLi 551299,China;Guiyang Huaxi District Agricultural and Rural Bureau,Guiyang 550025,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州省农业科学院贵州省畜牧兽医研究所,贵州贵阳550005 [2]贵州大学贵州省生化工程中心,贵州贵阳550025 [3]贵州省黔南布依族苗族自治州龙里县养殖业发展中心,贵州龙里551299 [4]贵阳市花溪区农业农村局,贵州贵阳550025

出　　处：《河南农业科学》2023年第11期146-156,共11页Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：贵州省农业攻关计划项目(黔科合支撑[2020]1Y082号,黔科合支撑[2022]重点032);贵阳市科技计划项目(筑科合同[2022]5-31号,筑科合同[2022]5-25号)。

摘　　要：为探讨黔中金荞麦提取物临床使用的安全性及对大鼠肠道菌群的影响,以昆明小鼠和大鼠为研究对象,进行急性毒性和亚慢性毒性试验。急性毒性试验测定黔中金荞麦提取物的半数致死量(LD_(50)),大于5.00 g/kg;亚慢性毒性试验,黔中金荞麦水、醇提取物各剂量组对大鼠体质量无不良影响,醇提物高剂量组可致部分大鼠死亡,其余各组对大鼠外观行为无不良影响。与对照组比较,黔中金荞麦醇提物低剂量组大鼠白细胞(WBC)和淋巴细胞(LYMPH)显著性升高(P<0.05);黔中金荞麦醇提物中剂量组大鼠总蛋白(TP)极显著降低(P<0.01),尿素氮(BUN)和雌性大鼠脾脏系数呈显著降低(P<0.05);黔中金荞麦醇提物高剂量组甘油三酯(TG)无显著性变化(P>0.05),其余血液生化指标均有显著或极显著变化,雌性大鼠脾脏系数呈极显著降低(P<0.01)。黔中金荞麦水提物高剂量组TP极显著降低(P<0.01),TG显著增加(P<0.05)。组织病理学检测表明,高剂量的黔中金荞麦水提物和醇提物对大鼠肝脏和肾脏结构具有一定影响。与对照组比较,黔中金荞麦水提物组大鼠肠道菌群丰度减少,醇提物组丰度增加,饲喂提取物后菌群多样性和物种均匀度均减少。水提物、醇提物及对照组优势菌群门类均为拟杆菌门和厚壁菌门,最优菌属分别为唾液乳酸杆菌属(9.06%)、拟杆菌属(37.67%)和拟普雷沃菌属(5.91%)。线性判别分析效应大小分析(LEfSe)表明,与对照组比较,黔中金荞麦水提物组拟杆菌属、醇提物组乳杆菌属等有益菌相对丰度增加。根据外源性化学物急性毒性分级标准,黔中金荞麦水提物和醇提物为无毒物质;结合亚慢性毒性试验结果和病理组织观察结果,高剂量的黔中金荞麦水提物(40 g/kg)和醇提物(34 g/kg)可影响大鼠肝脏和肾脏结构;黔中金荞麦提取物可改变大鼠肠道菌群结构,调节菌群种类和数量。In order to investigate the safety of extracts of Fagopyrum dibotrys Qian Zhong and the effectt on intestinal flora of rats,acute toxicity and subchronic toxicity tests were conducted to evaluate the safety of the extracts,and high⁃throughput sequencing was used to compare the effect on intestinal flora of rats.In acute toxicity test,the minimum lethal dose of aqueous extract and alcohol extract of Fagopyrum dibotrys Qian Zhong to mice was greater than 5.00 g/kg.In subchronic toxicity test,there was no adverse effect on the body weight of rats in each dose group of extracts,and the high⁃dose of alcohol extract could cause death of some rats,while the other groups had no adverse effect on the appearance and behavior of rats.Compared with the control group,in the low dose alcohol extract group,the white blood cell and lymphocyte were significantly increased(P<0.05);in the medium dose alcohol extract group,total protein(P<0.01),urea nitrogen and spleen coefficient of female rats(P<0.05)were significantly decreased;in the high⁃dose ethanol extract group,there was no significant change in triglyceride(P>0.05),but it had significant effect on other blood biochemical indexes,and spleen coefficient of female rats was significantly decreased(P<0.01).In the high⁃dose aqueous extract group,total protein was significantly decreased(P<0.01),and triglyceride was significantly increased(P<0.05).Histopathological test showed that high dose of aqueous extract and alcohol extract had certain effects on the structure of liver and kidney in rats.High⁃throughput sequencing results showed that compared with the control group,the abundance of intestinal flora in the aqueous extract group decreased,and in the alcohol extract group increased;the diversity and species evenness of intestinal flora in the aqueous extract group and the alcohol extract group all decreased.The dominant bacteria were Bacteroidota and Firmicutes in aqueous extract,alcohol extract and control groups.The optimal genera respectively were Ligilactobacillus

关 键 词：黔中金荞麦 提取物 安全性评价 肠道菌群 高通量测序 

分 类 号：S853.74[农业科学—临床兽医学] S859.83[农业科学—兽医学]