立体修复技术对镉铅复合污染麦田土壤的作用效果研究  

Effects of combined remediation on cadmium and lead combined pollution of wheat field soil

作　　者：华桂丽 李鼎豪 马信泽 赵全利[3] 耿丽平[1] 刘文菊[1] 薛培英[1] HUA Guili;LI Dinghao;MA Xinze;ZHAO Quanli;GENG Liping;LIU Wenju;XUE Peiying(College of Resources and Environmental Sciences/State Key Laboratory of Crop Improvement and Regulation in North China/Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Farmland Ecological Environment,Hebei Agricultural University,Baoding 071000,China;Baoding Agricultural Product Quality Supervision and Management Station,Baoding 071000,China;Teaching Laboratory of Hebei Agricultural University,Baoding 071000,China)

机构地区：[1]河北农业大学资源与环境科学学院/华北作物改良与调控国家重点实验室/河北省农田生态环境重点实验室,河北保定071000 [2]保定市农产品质量监督管理站,河北保定071000 [3]河北农业大学教学实验场,河北保定071000

出　　处：《河北农业大学学报》2023年第6期17-24,共8页Journal of Hebei Agricultural University

基　　金：河北省重点研发计划项目(20324002D);河北省自然科学基金重点项目(C2021204097)。

摘　　要：针对镉(Cd)、铅(Pb)复合污染土壤中小麦籽粒重金属超标问题,以Cd、Pb复合污染石灰性土壤为研究对象,选用Cd、Pb低积累小麦品种‘济麦22’,探究杏核生物炭单独施用以及与叶面调理剂(ZnSO_(4)、MgSO_(4)、氨基酸复合菌剂)联合施用对Cd、Pb复合污染麦田的修复效果。结果表明:生物炭单独施用修复效果有限,单施生物炭处理根际土有效态Cd、Pb含量占总量的比值与对照(CK)相比差异不显著,而添加10 t/hm^(2)生物炭(C2)处理效果优于5 t/hm^(2)(C1)处理,10 t/hm^(2)生物炭+叶面喷施调理剂联施与单施生物炭相比,各处理根际土壤有效态Cd、Pb含量占总量的比值差异不显著,对Cd而言,只有生物炭+氨基酸复合菌剂处理(C2+A)小麦籽粒Cd降低22.56%(P>0.05),对于Pb而言,生物炭+ZnSO_(4)处理(C2+Zn)和C2+A处理小麦籽粒Pb含量分别降低27.36%和28.06%(P<0.05),Pb含量可降至我国食品安全标准限值以下(0.2 mg/kg,GB 2762—2017),生物炭+MgSO_(4)(C2+Mg)处理小麦籽粒Cd、Pb含量与对照(C2)相比差异不显著,同时各处理均能使小麦产量提高6.4%~23.23%。综上所述,在Cd、Pb复合污染石灰性土壤宜采用联合修复措施,种植低积累小麦品种‘济麦22’,基施10 t/hm^(2)生物炭,并于拔节期、抽穗期、灌浆期喷施150 L/hm^(2)氨基酸复合菌剂可有效降低小麦籽粒Cd、Pb含量,为该地区小麦安全生产提供依据。Field trials were conducted to address the contamination of heavy metals in wheat grains in cadmium(Cd)and lead(Pb)complex contaminated soils.Cd and Pb low-accumulation wheat variety,‘Ji Mai 22’,were planted on a calcareous soil with combined Cd and Pb contamination,and the remediation effects were compared between applying apricot kernel biochar alone and in combination with foliar blocking agents(ZnSO_(4),MgSO_(4),and amino acid complex bacterial agent).The results showed limited remediation effects of biochar application alone.Ratios of available contents to the total amounts of Cd and Pb were not significantly different in rhizosphere soil treated with biochar compared with CK.The effect of adding 10 t/hm^(2)biochar(C2)was better than that of adding 5 t/hm^(2)(C1).The combination of‘10 t/hm^(2)biochar+spraying foliar conditioner’improved the remediation effect.Compared with biochar application alone,the ratio of available Cd and Pb content was not significantly different in the rhizosphere soil of each treatment.Cd in wheat grain reduced by 22.56%(P>0.05)only in the treatment of biochar+amino acid composite microbial agent(C2+A),while Pb content in wheat grains decreased by 27.36%and 28.06%in the treatments with biochar+ZnSO_(4)(C2+Zn)and C2+A,respectively(P<0.05).And the Pb content in wheat grain was below the limit of food safety standard(0.2 mg/kg,GB 2762—2017).The Cd and Pb content in wheat grains treated with biochar+MgSO_(4)(C2+Mg)was not significantly different from the control(C2),and each treatment can increase wheat yield by 6.4%-23.23%.In conclusion,it is advisable to use combined remediation measures in Cd and Pb compound contaminated calcareous soils planting low accumulation wheat variety‘Ji Mai 22’.It was an effective way to reduce the Cd and Pb content in wheat grain that apply 10 t/hm^(2)biochar and spray 150 L/hm^(2)amino acid composite microbial agent at the plucking,tasseling and filling stages,which provided a basis for safe wheat production in this region.

关 键 词：生物炭 叶面调理剂 Cd、Pb复合污染 修复 小麦 

分 类 号：S155.4[农业科学—土壤学]