济南泉域岩溶水系统水化学演化及成因分析  

Hydrochemical evolution and genesis analysis of karst water system in the Jinan Spring Basin

作　　者：王开然 吴振 傅世东 仇钰婷 陈华伟 WANG Kairan;WU Zhen;FU Shidong;QIU Yuting;CHEN Huawei(Water Resources Research Institute of Shandong Province,Jinan 250014,Shandong,China;Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment,Jinan 250014,Shandong,China)

机构地区：[1]山东省水利科学研究院,山东济南250014 [2]山东省水资源与水环境重点实验室,山东济南250014

出　　处：《地球化学》2023年第5期547-558,共12页Geochimica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFC3200504);山东省自然科学基金项目(ZR2019QEE036);山东省水利科学研究院自选课题(SDSKYZX202119、SDSKYZX202121-2)联合资助。

摘　　要：济南泉域岩溶水是济南市工农业生产和城乡生活的重要供水水源。随着经济社会发展和城市化进程加速,济南泉域水环境发生了较大变化,水质逐年变差,查明其水质演化特征和影响因素,对泉域岩溶水资源开发利用和保护具有十分重要的意义。本研究在分析泉域地下水和地表水主要离子化学特征和时空变化的基础上,综合采用相关分析、Piper三线图、Gibbs模型、离子比例关系等水化学方法和15N(NO_(3)^(−))、18O(NO_(3)^(−))双同位素方法,识别水体中主要离子成因。结果表明,研究区内主要阴、阳离子浓度从大到小依次为HCO_(3)^(−)>SO_(4)^(2−)>Cl^(−)>NO_(3)-N(硝酸盐含量以N计)、Ca^(2+)>Na^(+)>Mg^(2+)>K^(+)。受碳酸盐岩控制,丰水期和枯水期水化学类型具有高度一致性,均以HCO_(3)·SO_(4)-Ca为主,占比达60%。除Ca^(2+)、Mg^(2+)、HCO_(3)^(−)外,其他离子的变异系数在丰水期和枯水期均大于0.5。地下水主要受NO_(3)^(−)和SO_(4)^(2−)污染,并且均出现严重污染样点。地下水化学组分主要受水岩作用控制,Ca^(2+)和HCO_(3)^(−)主要来源于碳酸盐岩溶解,K^(+)、Na^(+)、SO_(4)^(2−)、NO_(3)^(−)和Cl^(−)部分来源于大气降水,Na^(+)和Cl^(−)部分来源于居民生活,NO_(3)^(−)主要来源于粪便和污水。Karst water in the Jinan Spring Basin is an important water source for industrial and agricultural production and life in Jinan City.Economic and social development and the acceleration of urbanization has greatly altered the water environment of the Jinan Spring Basin,and water quality has worsened year by year.Determining the evolutionary characteristics and influencing factors of water quality is particularly important for the development,utilization,and protection of karst water resources in this area.Hydrogeological surveys and sample collection and testing were conducted to systematically analyze the chemical characteristics and spatio-temporal variation of water in the Jinan Spring Basin.Hydrochemical methods,such as correlation analysis,Piper diagram,Gibbs diagram,ion ratio,and 15N(NO_(3)^(−)),18O(NO_(3)^(−))double isotope methods,were used to identify the origin of main ions.In the study area,relative ion concentrations in water samples were as follows:HCO_(3)^(−)>SO_(4)^(2−)>Cl−>NO_(3)^(−)-N,Ca^(2+)>Na^(+)>Mg^(2+)>K^(+).The main type of water chemistry was HCO_(3)·SO_(4)-Ca.Controlled by carbonate rocks,the hydrochemical type remained consistent across both rainy and dry seasons,and HCO_(3)·SO_(4)-Ca was dominant,accounting for 60%.Besides Ca^(2+),Mg^(2+),and HCO_(3)^(−),all ions exhibited a coefficient of variation greater than 0.5 in both the rainy and dry seasons.Groundwater was mainly polluted by NO_(3)^(−)and SO_(4)^(2−),and some samples showed severe pollution levels.The chemical composition of groundwater was mainly controlled by water–rock interaction.Ca^(2+)and HCO_(3)^(−)ions were mainly derived from carbonate rock dissolution,K^(+),Na^(+),SO_(4)^(2−),NO_(3)^(−),and Cl^(−)ions were partly derived from atmospheric precipitation,Na^(+)and Cl^(−) ions were partly derived from human activities,and NO_(3)^(−)ions was mainly derived from manure and sewage.

关 键 词：岩溶水 水化学 离子成因 演化规律 济南泉域 

分 类 号：X523[环境科学与工程—环境工程]