2014—2022年银川市法定传染病流行特征分析  

Epidemiological characteristics of notifiable infectious diseases in Yinchuan city from 2014-2022

作　　者：马杰[1] 刘素红[1] 王光俊[1] MA Jie;LIU Suhong;WANG Guangjun(Yinchuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Yinchuan 750011,China)

机构地区：[1]宁夏银川市疾病预防控制中心,宁夏银川750011

出　　处：《宁夏医学杂志》2023年第11期1001-1003,I0001,共4页Ningxia Medical Journal

摘　　要：目的分析2014—2022年银川市法定传染病报告发病情况和流行特征变化,为传染病防控提供参考。方法使用中国疾病预防控制信息系统,收集了2014—2022年期间银川市法定传染病报告的数据资料。然后运用描述性流行病学方法对这些数据进行分析,以探究其流行病学特征。结果2014—2022年银川市共报告法定传染病121660例,年均发病率575.87/10万,年度发病率总体呈下降趋势,累计报告死亡数145例。年均报告发病率居前五位的传染病依次是其他感染性腹泻病(204.89/10万)、手足口病(121.22/10万)、梅毒(51.83/10万)、乙肝(32.83/10万)和肺结核(28.33/10万)。按照主要传播途径,年均报告发病率主要为肠道传染病(343.95/10万)、呼吸道传染病(103.97/10万)和血源及性传播传染病(103.46/10万)。每年的发病高峰在5~8月,县区发病数前三位的是兴庆区、金凤区和西夏区,发病率最高的是金凤区,病例职业分布主要集中在散居儿童、幼托儿童、农民、家务及待业人员和学生等群体。结论银川市法定传染病防控应做好重点地区(兴庆区、金凤区和西夏区)、重点人群(儿童、农民、学生)、重点传染病(其他感染性腹泻病、手足口病、梅毒、乙肝和肺结核)的监测,并进行干预防控;学校是传染病防控的重点场所,谨防呼吸道传染病、肠道传染病在儿童和学生中的聚集和暴发流行。Objective To analyze the incidence of statutory infectious diseases and changes in epidemiological characteristics reported in Yinchuan from 2014 to 2022,and to provide a reference for the prevention and control of infectious diseases.Methods The data of the reported cases of notifiable infectious diseases in Yinchuan from 2014 to 2022 were analyzed by using the China Disease Prevention and Control Information System.Subsequently,the descriptive epidemiological method was used to analyze these data and explore their epidemiological characteristics.Results A total of 121,660 cases of notifiable infectious diseases were reported in Yinchuan,with an average annual incidence rate of 575.87 per 100,000.The annual incidence rate generally showed a declining trend,with a cumulative reported death toll of 145.The top five infectious diseases in terms of average annual incidence rates were other infectious diarrheal diseases(204.89 per 100,000),hand-foot-mouth disease(121.22 per 100,000),syphilis(51.83 per 100,000),hepatitis B(32.83 per 100,000),and tuberculosis(28.33 per 100,000).In terms of major transmission routes,the average annual incidence rates were mainly for intestinal infectious diseases(343.95 per 100,000),respiratory infectious diseases(103.97 per 100,000),and bloodborne and sexually transmitted diseases(103.46 per 100,000).The peak incidence occurred from May to August,accounted for 43.56%of the annual total.The top three districts in terms of the number of cases were Xingqing district,Jinfeng district,and Xixia district,with the highest incidence rate was in Jinfeng district.The primary population affected were dispersed children,kindergarten children,farmers,homemakers,the unemployed,and students,accounted for 83.86%of the cases.Conclusion The prevention and control of statutory infectious diseases in Yinchuan should be done in key areas(Xingqing District,Jinfeng District and Xixia District),key populations(children,farmers,students),and key infectious diseases(other infectious diarrheal diseases,hand-foot

关 键 词：法定传染病 发病率 流行特征 疾病控制 

分 类 号：R181[医药卫生—流行病学]