珠三角丘陵山区岩溶塌陷发育特征及地质模式——以广州北部为例  

Development Features and Geological Models of Karst Collapse in Hilly Areas of thePearl River Delta:A Case Study of Northern Guangzhou

作　　者：王忠忠 黄文龙 庄卓涵 胡飞跃 刘广宁[2] WANG Zhongzhong;HUANG Wenlong;ZHUANG Zhuohan;HU Feiyue;LIU Guangning(Guangdong Geologic Survey Institute,Guangzhou,Guangdong 510080;Wuhan Centre of China Geological Survey,Wuhan,Hubei 430205)

机构地区：[1]广东省地质调查院,广东广州510080 [2]中国地质调查局武汉地质调查中心,湖北武汉430205

出　　处：《地质与勘探》2023年第6期1304-1314,共11页Geology and Exploration

基　　金：中国地质调查局地质调查项目(编号:12120114022301,DD20160252-06,DD20160257-04)资助。

摘　　要：岩溶塌陷是珠三角岩溶区主要的地质灾害之一。本文以广州丘陵山区为研究区,利用2016~2018年1∶50000环境地质调查成果,分析岩溶塌陷发育现状和特征,研究岩溶塌陷地质模式,并提出防治措施建议。结果表明:广州丘陵山区累计已发生岩溶塌陷地质灾害35处,空间分布上具有集中性和反复性特征,时间分布上具有持续性和周期性特点;岩溶塌陷均为碳酸盐岩型的小型土层塌陷,以人为因素诱发为主,自然因素诱发为次,主要危害形式为建筑损坏和农田破坏;岩溶塌陷地质模式主要有潜蚀效应致塌,潜蚀、失托增荷和吸蚀效应叠加致塌,潜蚀和振动效应叠加致塌和潜蚀和垂直渗压效应叠加致塌等四种;从上层决策和工程技术角度提出了岩溶塌陷防治措施,为打造广州北部生态农业区和生态公园,建设美丽宜居岭南乡村提供地质科学依据。Karst collapse is the primary geological disaster in the karst area of the Pearl River Delta.Taking the hilly area of Guangzhou as an example,this work analyzed the current development status and characteristics of karst collapses,studied the formation mechanism of karst collapse,and proposed suggestions for prevention measures based on the 1:50,000 environmental geological survey results from 2016 to 2018.The results indicate that a total of 35 geological disasters related to karst collapses have occurred.Their spatial distribution exhibits characteristics of concentration and repetition,while their time distribution shows characteristics of persistence and periodicity.The karst collapses primarily involve small soil layer collapses of carbonate rock,primarily induced by human factors and secondarily by natural factors.The main forms of damages are building damage and farmland damage.The geological model of karst collapse formation includes four types:collapse caused by latent erosion effects,collapse caused by the superposition of latent erosion,loss of load,and suction erosion effects,collapse caused by the superposition of latent erosion and vibration effects,and collapse caused by the superposition of latent erosion and vertical seepage pressure effects.Prevention measures for karst collapses are proposed from the perspectives of decision-making and engineering technology.These measures provide a geological scientific basis for the development of ecological agricultural areas and ecological parks in northern Guangzhou and the creation of a beautiful and livable Lingnan countryside.

关 键 词：岩溶塌陷 发育特征 形成机理 防治措施 丘陵山区 广州北部 

分 类 号：P642.2[天文地球—工程地质学] X141[天文地球—地质矿产勘探]