独具特色的张掖古建筑  

Unique Zhangye Ancient Architecture

作　　者：王巍 李磊 Wang Wei;Li Lei

机构地区：[1]中南建筑设计院股份有限公司 [2]张掖市住房和城乡建设局

出　　处：《华中建筑》2023年第12期163-166,共4页Huazhong Architecture

摘　　要：张掖古建筑虽身处西北戈壁但建造精美,张掖木塔檐口采用独特的“花牵代栱”结构,塔顶造型玲珑剔透,采用美观节材的地域构造做法,传承了斗拱的美学特点。张掖古建筑结合防风与雨水收集等生态功能设计了卷棚顶屋面,其坡度与搏风板舒展飘逸的线型完美结合。张掖身处脆弱的生态环境之中,古城选址充分借助湿地构建生态屏障。在古建筑营造中注重改善微气候,通过屋面雨水收集装置;增加院内檐廊灰空间;塑造庭院绿化增加湿度且丰富景观等手法,塑造生态可持续发展的人居环境。张掖是古丝绸之路上的边塞重镇,烽燧遗址及古建筑体现汉晋文化传统,同时也吸收了藏、蒙等周边各民族的艺术特色。张掖古建筑是研究多民族和谐共融、共同发展的人居环境的重要标本。Although the ancient buildings in Zhangye are located in the northwest Gobi,they are beautifully built.The eaves of Zhangye wooden tower adopt a unique structure of"flower pulling instead of arch".The top of the tower is exquisite and clear,and the aesthetic characteristics of the traditional arch of wooden architecture are inherited with the regional structure of beautiful material saving.The slope of the ridge roof designed in combination with ecological functions such as wind prevention and rainwater collection of ancient buildings in Zhangye is perfectly combined with the stretch and elegant line shape of the wind board.Zhangye is located in a fragile ecological environment.The site selection of the ancient city fully utilizes wetlands to build ecological barriers.In the construction of ancient buildings,methods such as collecting rainwater on the roof,increasing gray spaces such as eaves and corridors in the courtyard,and shaping courtyard greenery are used to improve the microclimate and shape a sustainable ecological living environment.Zhangye is an important border fortress on the ancient Silk Road.The beacon site and ancient architecture reflect the cultural traditions of Han and Jin dynasties,while also absorbing the artistic characteristics of various neighboring ethnic groups such as Tibet and Mongolia.The ancient architecture of Zhangye is an important specimen for studying the harmonious and co-developed living environment of multiple ethnic groups.

关 键 词：张掖古建筑 精致浪漫 生态文艺 河西工艺体系 

分 类 号：TU-86[艺术—艺术设计]