化学农药对三沙湾滩涂土壤细菌多样性及其功能的影响  

Effects of agrochemicals on soil bacterial diversity and functions in the coastal tidal-flat area of Sansha Bay

作　　者：汤鸣强 吴承燕 何爱明 朱菡馨 林增艳 杨嘉宜 TANG Mingqiang;WU Chengyan;HE Aiming;ZHU Hanxin;LIN Zengyan;YANG Jiayi(School of Food and Bio-engineering,Fujian Polytechnic Normal University,Fuqing 350300,China;Engineering Research Center of Modern Facility Agriculture of Fujian University,Fuqing 350300,China)

机构地区：[1]福建技术师范学院食品与生物工程学院,福建福清350300 [2]现代设施农业福建省高校工程研究中心,福建福清350300

出　　处：《农业环境科学学报》2023年第11期2483-2493,共11页Journal of Agro-Environment Science

基　　金：福建省自然科学基金项目(2020J01309);现代设施农业福建省高校工程研究中心开放研究基金课题(G2-KF2005)。

摘　　要：为探究除草剂草甘膦和杀虫剂毒死蜱对三沙湾滩涂土壤细菌群落结构及多样性的影响,利用五点采样法于2021年3月采集福建省霞浦县东吾洋沿岸滩涂土壤,通过模拟自然环境在室内进行农药添加试验,两种农药分别设置3个浓度,即草甘膦5、25、125 mg·kg^(-1),毒死蜱6、30、150 mg·kg^(-1),染毒时间分别取3 d和10 d,以未添加农药的滩涂土壤为对照。使用Illumina MiSeq PE300二代高通量测序平台对各处理及对照滩涂土壤细菌16S rRNA基因的V3~V4区进行测序,分析不同处理土壤细菌群落组成结构和功能差异及其影响因素。结果表明:草甘膦和毒死蜱显著降低了三沙湾滩涂土壤细菌α多样性(P<0.05)。门水平上,滩涂土壤中优势菌群包括变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)、绿弯菌门(Chloroflexi)和ε-变形菌门(Epsilonbacteraeota),其丰度占比分别为32.69%、20.38%、12.46%和9.14%,农药处理后其优势菌群主要由变形菌门、厚壁菌门和拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)组成。属水平上,对照土壤以深海芽孢杆菌属(Thalassobacillus)、海杆菌属(Marinobacter)、硫卵菌属(Sulfurovum)和芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)为主,农药处理后其优势菌群海杆菌属和芽孢杆菌属得到大量扩增,其他菌属呈现不同程度的衰退。Tax4Fun功能分析结果显示,各处理滩涂土壤的功能类群主要集中在新陈代谢方面,不同阶段细菌功能主要分布于38类代谢通路。经农药处理,滩涂土壤中氨基酸代谢、异生素降解和代谢、脂类代谢、萜类化合物和聚酮的代谢以及环境信息处理中膜运输、细胞运动和细胞运输同化作用等功能得到明显增强,而能量代谢、聚糖生物合成和代谢、遗传信息处理等功能有不同程度的削弱。由此可见,化学农药的加入降低了三沙湾滩涂土壤细菌群落多样性,微生物多样性的损失将改变生态系统的功能,降低生态系统的稳定性。To investigate the effects of the herbicide glyphosate and the insecticide chlorpyrifos on the bacterial community structure and diversity of Sansha Bay tidal-flat soil,a five-point sampling method was employed to collect tidal-flat soil along the coastal area of Dongwu Ocean in Xiapu County,Fujian Province in March 2021.The pesticide addition test was conducted indoors to simulate the natural environment.Three concentration gradients were used for glyphosate(5,25 mg·kg^(-1),and 125 mg·kg^(-1))and chlorpyrifos(6,30 mg·kg^(-1),and 150 mg·kg^(-1)).The treatment duration was 3 days and 10 days,and tidal-flat soil without pesticides was utilized as a control.The V3-V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene was analyzed using the Illumina MiSeq PE300 second-generation high-throughput sequencing platform to examine differences in community structure and function among the various treated soil communities and their influencing factors.The results demonstrated that glyphosate and chlorpyrifos significantly reduced the bacterialαdiversity in Sansha Bay beach soil(P<0.05).At the phylum level,the dominant flora in the tidal soil included Proteobacteria,Firmicutes,Chloroflexi,andε-Proteobacteria(Epsilonbacteraeota),accounting for 32.69%,20.38%,12.46%,and 9.14%,respectively.Following pesticide treatment,the predominant bacterial flora consisted of Proteobacteria,Firmicutes,and Bacteroidetes.At the genus level,the control soil was primarily dominated by deep-sea Thalassobacillus,Marinobacter,Sulfurovum,and Bacillus.After pesticide treatment,the dominant bacteria Marinobacter and Bacillus exhibited significant expansion,while other genera showed varying degrees of decline.The Tax4Fun functional analysis results revealed that the functional groups in each treated tidal-flat soil were primarily concentrated in the metabolic aspect,with bacterial functions being distributed across 38 different metabolic pathways.Amino acid metabolism,isobiotic degradation and metabolism,lipid metabolism,terpenoids and the same metabolism,and environmen

关 键 词：草甘膦 毒死蜱 滩涂土壤 细菌群落结构 代谢功能 

分 类 号：X592[环境科学与工程—环境工程] S154.3[农业科学—土壤学]