地下储氢库发展现状及气藏型储氢库高效建库十大技术挑战  

Development status of underground hydrogen storages and top ten technical challenges to efficient construction of gas reservoir-type underground hydrogen storages

作　　者：潘松圻 邹才能 王杭州[1] 熊波 王子恒 王珂 穆英 王珊 李周波 李国辉[6] 崔少东[6] 杨轩[1] 马琳 PAN Songqi;ZOU Caineng;WANG Hangzhou;XIONG Bo;WANG Ziheng;WANG Ke;MU Ying;WANG Shan;LI Zhoubo;LI Guohui;CUI Shaodong;YANG Xuan;MA Lin(PetroChina Shenzhen New Energy Research Institute,Shenzhen,Guangdong 518054,China;PetroChina Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development,Beijing 100083,China;University of Manchester,Manchester M139PL,UK;Ghent University,Sint-Pietersnieuwstraat 25 Ghent,Belgium;CNPC Baoji Petroleum Steel Pipe Co.,Ltd.,Baoji,Shaanxi 721000,China;China Petroleum Pipeline Engineering Co.,Ltd.,Langfang,Hebei 065000,China)

机构地区：[1]中国石油深圳新能源研究院 [2]中国石油勘探开发研究院 [3]英国曼彻斯特大学 [4]比利时根特大学 [5]宝鸡石油钢管有限责任公司 [6]中国石油天然气管道工程有限公司

出　　处：《天然气工业》2023年第11期164-180,共17页Natural Gas Industry

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目“基于微观油岩相互作用的陆相页岩油可动性定量表征”(编号:42172180);中国石油天然气集团有限公司科技项目“制氢储氢机理、新材料与新方法研究”(编号:2023ZZ12)。

摘　　要：地下储氢技术利用地下构造空间实现氢气大规模高压气态储存,具有安全性高、成本低、规模大、周期长的优势,但中国地下储氢库研究起步较晚,尚无地下构造空间储氢实践,亟待形成完整的地下储氢库高效建库方案。为此,在总结国内外用于地下储氢构造空间的类型,回顾地下储氢技术发展历史与现状的基础上,系统梳理了气藏型储氢库高效建库亟待解决的十大技术挑战,研究结果表明:①气藏型地下储氢库的潜在库址与新能源发电资源具有高度的空间重合,便于绿电就地消纳,最适宜我国大规模发展;②气藏型地下储氢库高效建库需重点解决十大技术挑战,即完整性与选址地质评价、氢气与储层介质的反应机理、氢损耗及氢纯度对储氢效率的影响、垫层气类型与占比优选、注采渗流理论与库容设计、氢用特种管材及管道工程关键技术、建库及注采工程关键技术装备、运行期监测与动态分析、风险评估与应急处置方案、生命周期评估等。结论认为:①中国发展地下储氢库具有潜在枯竭/衰竭气藏库址众多的资源优势,复杂地质条件储气库创新实践的技术优势,氢能产业链上下游协同发展的产业优势和未来市场应用前景广阔的规模优势,具备实现工业化发展的条件和基础;②针对气藏型储氢库建库难题,需开展系统性技术攻关,构建地质综合选址评价体系,优化储库注采运行方案,研发氢用配套管材与设备,形成运营监测与风险管理系统,建立适应中国地质条件的综合建库理论技术体系。Underground hydrogen storage achieves large-scale high-pressure gaseous hydrogen storage through underground structural spaces,and it has the advantages of high safety,low cost,large scale and long period.In China,however,the researches on underground hydrogen storage began later,and there has been no practice of hydrogen storage in underground structural space,so it is in urgent need to develop a complete scheme for the efficient construction of underground hydrogen storage.In this paper,the types of underground structural spaces for hydrogen storage domestically and internationally are summarized,and the development history and status of underground hydrogen storage technologies are reviewed.In addition,the top ten technical challenges to the efficient construction of gas reservoir-type underground hydrogen storages are systematically analyzed,and the corresponding suggestions are proposed.And the following research results are obtained.First,from the perspective of space,the potential sites of gas reservoir-type underground hydrogen storage coincide highly with the new energies for power generation,which is favorable for the local consumption of green electricity.Therefore,China has the most suitable conditions for the large-scale development of gas reservoir-type underground hydrogen storage.Second,the top ten technical challenges to the efficient construction of gas reservoir-type underground hydrogen storage include the integrity and geological site evaluation,the reaction mechanism between hydrogen and reservoir media,the influence of hydrogen loss and purity on hydrogen storage efficiency,the determination of cushion gas type and percentage,the injection-production flow theory and storage capacity design,the special pipe and key pipeline engineering technology for underground hydrogen storage,the key technology and equipment for the construction and operation engineering of underground hydrogen storage,the operation monitoring and performance analysis,the risk assessment and emergency response scheme,and

关 键 词：氢能 能源转型 新能源消纳 地下储氢库 枯竭气藏 盐穴 大规模储氢 长周期储氢 

分 类 号：TQ116.2[化学工程—无机化工]