2016—2020年汕头市农村环境卫生现况调查  

Cross-sectional study on environmental health of rural area in Shantou City from 2016 to 2020

作　　者：唐龙 李盛鹏[2] 陈清 陈婉[3] 韩佳奇 TANG Long;LI Shengpeng;CHEN Qing;CHEN Wan;HAN Jiaqi(Public Health Emergency Ofice,Shantou Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Shantou Guangdong,515041,China;Department of Public Health,Shantou Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Shantou Guangdong,515041,China;Administration Ofice,Shantou Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Shantou Guangdong,515041,China;School Hospital,Shantou University,Shantou Guangdong,515063,China)

机构地区：[1]汕头市疾病预防控制中心公共卫生应急办,广东汕头515041 [2]汕头市疾病预防控制中心公共卫生科,广东汕头515041 [3]汕头市疾病预防控制中心办公室,广东汕头515041 [4]汕头大学校医院,广东汕头515063

出　　处：《职业与健康》2023年第19期2681-2686,共6页Occupation and Health

摘　　要：目的了解广东省汕头市农村环境卫生状况水平及动态变化,为提高农村卫生水平提供科学依据。方法2016—2020年按照分层随机抽样的方法从汕头市选取的4个区(县)抽取400个行政村2000个家庭进行调查,并通过调查或访谈等形式收集相关资料,内容包括基本情况、厕所、垃圾与污水情况、病媒生物防治情况等,对收集的数据进行分析评价,了解汕头市农村环境卫生情况。结果2016—2020年间家庭主要收入来源构成情况不全相同(χ2=109.300,P<0.05),2017年后家庭收入以外出务工为主。饮用水以集中式供水为主,占99.24%,水源主要为水库水,占63.64%。居民饭前便后都洗手的比例为85.7%;购买农药的比例为28.75%;施药时87.65%使用者采取了防护措施,在配药或施药后有少数人出现不适症状,占2.43%,农药废弃物主要丢弃在田边或垃圾堆,占56.17%。卫生厕所比例为98.21%,厕室内基本清洁,占99.50%;粪便处理以进入排水系统为主,占79.90%。生活垃圾主要是统一收集,以填埋为主,农田秸秆焚烧与农膜使用比例明显降低,生活污水主要经过管道排放至河流。62.10%房屋周围存在病媒生物孳生地,主要为垃圾投放点,占59.66%;“灭四害”工作都已开展的比例为75.00%。部分行政村缺少明确的环境卫生管理制度,占5.00%;缺少管理专门规划,占16.50%;缺少宣传教育,占8.75%。结论汕头市农村环境卫生情况在2016—2020年有所改善,但在个人卫生意识、粪便垃圾污水处理、病媒生物防控以及环境卫生管理方面仍需要进一步加强。Objective To understand levels and dynamic changes of environmental health situations in rural areas of Shantou City in Guangdong Province,provide scientific basis for improving rural health standards.Methods From 2016 to 2020,400 administrative villages and 2000 families were selected from 4 districts(counties)in rural areas of Shantou City by the stratified random sampling method for the investigation.The relevant data were collected through surveys and interviews,including basic information,toilets,garbage and sewage,and vector control.The collected data were evaluated to understand environmental health situations in rural areas of Shantou City.Results From 2016 to 2020,the composition of the economic source was statistically significant different(2=109.300,P<0.05),and the main economic source of income was from migrant work since 2017.The drinking water was mainly provided by centralized water supply(99.24%),and reservoir water was the main water source(63.64%).The proportion of residents washing their hands before and after using the toilet was 85.7%.The proportion of residents bought pesticides was 28.75%,and 87.65%of the users had taken protective measures when pesticides were used.A few residents had reported discomfort symptoms after dispensing or using pesticides(2.43%).The pesticide wastes were largely discarded in fields or landfill(56.17%).The proportion of sanitary toilets was 98.21%,the toilet room were basically clean(99.50%),and excrement was mainly disposed into drainage systems(79.90%).The majority of household garbage was collected uniformly and disposed off in landfills.The proportions of straw burning and of agricultural film use had decreased significantly.Most part of domestic sewage was discharged into rivers through pipes.62.10%of houses had breeding sites for vectors which were mostly garbage delivery points(59.66%).Most household(75.00%)had carried out control work against mice,flies,mosquitoes and cockroaches.Some administrative villages had no explicit environmental health management

关 键 词：农村 环境卫生 现况调查 

分 类 号：R127[医药卫生—环境卫生学]