论语气与情态、语气词与句类的关系  

On the Relationships Between Mood and Modality,and Modal Particles and Sentence Categories

作　　者：邵敬敏[1] SHAO Jingmin

机构地区：[1]暨南大学文学院,510632

出　　处：《汉语学报》2023年第4期12-20,共9页Chinese Linguistics

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“境外汉语语法学史暨数据库建设”(编号:16ZDA209)的成果之一。

摘　　要：本文试图厘清“语气与情态”以及“语气词与句类”的复杂关系。“语气_1”指语言的形式,“情态”则是其内容;“语气_2”是指句子的话语功能,它决定了句类的区分。不带情态的句子叫作“基础句”,带有情态的句子叫作“情态句”。现代汉语情态的表达,采用综合性手段,从而形成一个“前呼后应”“里应外合”的格局。现代汉语语气词主要有23个,可以分为四大类。语气词都有自己的“核心情态”,至于“派生情态”则由句类及话语背景所决定。This paper attempts to clarify the complex relationships between mood and modality,modal particles and sentence categories."Mood,"refers to the form of language,and"modality"is its content."Mood,"refers to the function of sentence,which determines the category of it.A sentence without modality is called a"basic sentence",and a sentence with modality is called a"modal sentence".Modality in Mandarin Chinese is expressed comprehensively,forming patterns of"front and back"and"inside and outside".There are 23 modal particles in Mandarin Chinese,which can be divided into four categories.Modal particles have their own"core modality",and the"derived modality"is determined by the sentence category and the discourse background.

关 键 词：语气 语气词 句类 核心情态 派生情态 

分 类 号：H146[语言文字—汉语]