手工雪茄主要霉菌的分离鉴定及其生物学特性研究  

Isolation and identification of major molds in handmade cigars and study of their biological characteristics

作　　者：朱贝贝 黄阔 薛芳 安泓汋 叶长文[2] 李栋[2] 李东亮 ZHU Beibei;HUANG Kuo;XUE Fang;AN Hongyue;YE Changwen;LI Dong;LI Dongliang(Center of Technology Innovation for Cigar,China Tobacco Sichuan Industrial Co.,Ltd.,Chengdu 610100,China;Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC,Zhengzhou 450001,China)

机构地区：[1]四川中烟工业有限责任公司雪茄烟技术创新中心,成都市610066 [2]中国烟草总公司郑州烟草研究院,郑州450001

出　　处：《中国烟草学报》2023年第6期93-101,共9页Acta Tabacaria Sinica

基　　金：中国烟草总公司重大科技项目“国产手工雪茄养护醇化关键技术创新与应用研究”[110202101066(XJ-15)];中国烟草总公司重大科技项目“手工雪茄烟加工过程中霉变生防控制技术研究与应用”[11202201034(XJ-05)];四川中烟工业有限责任公司科技项目“手工雪茄烟加工过程霉变微生物分析及监控研究”[2021510000340320(xj202109)]。

摘　　要：【目的】为探究引起手工雪茄烟支霉变的主要霉菌种类及其生物学特性。【方法】本研究以市场反馈的易霉变手工雪茄为材料,采用选择性培养基检测样品中霉菌含量,根据数量占比确定主要霉菌,结合形态学、产孢结构和分子生物学手段对主要霉菌进行鉴定,并研究其生物学特性。【结果】(1)引起手工雪茄霉变的霉菌菌属为曲霉属、青霉属和拟青霉属,主要霉菌菌种为聚多曲霉和产黄青霉。(2)2种主要霉菌(聚多曲霉、产黄青霉)在DG18培养基上生长较快,孢子悬浮液在60℃热处理10min失活,紫外照射对其无显著影响。聚多曲霉最适生长温度为30℃,湿度为90%;产黄青霉最适生长温度为25℃,湿度为70%。【结论】聚多曲霉和产黄青霉在手工雪茄烟支霉变过程中起主要作用,在适宜的环境条件下生长繁殖进而诱发雪茄烟支霉变发生。This study aims to major mold species causing mold growth in handmade cigar sticks as well as their biological characteristics.This study used handmade cigars that were reported to be prone to mold growth in the market as materials.The selective culture medium was used to detect the mold content in the samples,and the major molds were determined based on their percentage.The major molds were identified using morphological,sporulation structure,and molecular biology methods,and their biological characteristics were studied.The results showed that:①The main mold genera causing mold growth in handmade cigars were Aspergillus,Penicillium and Paecilomyces,and the major mold species were Aspergillus polyspora and Penicillium chrysogenum.②Aspergillus polytrichus and Penicillium chrysogenum grew well in DG18 medium,the spore suspension was inactivated at 60℃,and ultraviolet radiation had no significant effect on them.The optimum growth temperature and humidity of Aspergillus polydorus and Penicillium chrysogenum were 30℃90%,25℃70%,respectively.Therefore,Aspergillus polymorphus and Penicillium chrysogenum play an important role in mold growth on handmade cigar sticks,and they grow and reproduce under suitable environmental conditions,leading to the occurrence of mold growth on cigars..

关 键 词：雪茄 霉菌 生物学特性 聚多曲霉 产黄曲霉 

分 类 号：TS453[农业科学—烟草工业]